The spontaneous signal is non-decaying with the probabilities of detecting various number of photons to be neither normal nor Poisson. The detected probabilities in a signal of Parmeliatinctorum match with probabilities expected in a squeezed state of photons. It is speculated that an in vivo nucleic acid molecule is an assembly of intermittent quantum patches that emit biophoton in quantum transitions. The distributions of quantum patches and their lifetimes determine the holistic features of biophoton signals, so that the coherence of biophotons is merely a manifestation of the coherence of living systems.
Rajendra P. Bajpai
http://nopr.niscair.res.in/handle/123456789/17068
The values indicate that the quantum state of photon emitted by the subject could be a coherent state in the subject being investigated.
http://nopr.niscair.res.in/handle/123456789/4470
Biophotons and Emergence of Quantum Coherence—A Diffusion Entropy Analysis
Adams, Betony; Petruccione, Francesco (2020). Quantum effects in the brain: A review. AVS Quantum Science, 2(2), 022901–. doi:10.1116/1.5135170
Polaritons are arousing tremendous interests in physics and material sciences for their unique and amazing properties, especially including the condensation, lasing without inversion and even room-temperature superfluidity. Herein, we propose a cell vibron polariton (cell-VP): a collectively coherent mode of a photon and all phospholipid molecules in a myelin sheath formed by glial cells. Cell-VP can be resonantly self-confined in the myelin sheath under physiological conditions. The observations benefit from the specifically compact, ordered and polar thin-film structure of the sheath, and the relatively strong coupling of the mid-infrared photon with the vibrons of phospholipid tails in the myelin. The underlying physics is revealed to be the collectively coherent superposition of the photon and vibrons, the polariton induced significant enhancement of myelin permittivity, and the resonance of the polariton with the sheath. The captured cell-VPs in myelin sheaths may provide a promising way for super-efficient consumption of extra-weak bioenergy and even directly serve for quantum information. These findings further the understanding of nervous system operations at cellular level from the view of quantum mechanics.
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12274-019-2568-4
Song, Bo; Shu, Yousheng (2019). Cell vibron polariton resonantly self-confined in the myelin sheath of nerve. Nano Research, (), –. doi:10.1007/s12274-019-2568-4
Zarkeshian, P. (2021). Photonic approaches to multi-party entanglement in solids and learning in the brain (Unpublished doctoral thesis). University of Calgary, Calgary, AB.
We found that the glutamate-induced biophotonic emissions presented a spectral blueshift from young to old mice, suggesting that the brain may transform to use relatively high-energy biophotons for neural information transmission and processing during the ageing process. Such a change may lead to a gradual decrease in the efficiency of the nervous system and provide a new biophysical mechanism for explaining the ageing-related changes in cognitive functions.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0006899320304911
We argue that chemo brain results from damage to tubulin within microtubules. This damage can occur directly from tubulin inhibitors such as taxanes, epothilones or vinca alkaloids. Other chemotherapies stimulate increased mitochondrial activity and biophoton release. This results in abnormal tryptophan metabolism and excess production of neurotoxic kynurenines, which, in turn, damage microtubules.
https://ar.iiarjournals.org/content/40/3/1189.long
such molecules arranged in their native microtubule configuration exhibit a superradiant lowest exciton state, which represents an excitation fully extended on the chromophore lattice. We also show that such a superradiant state emerges due to supertransfer coupling between the lowest exciton states of smaller blocks of the microtubule. In the dynamics we find that the spreading of excitation is ballistic in the absence of external sources of disorder and strongly dependent on initial conditions. The velocity of photoexcitation spreading is shown to be enhanced by the supertransfer effect with respect to the velocity one would expect from the strength of the nearest-neighbor coupling between tryptophan molecules in the microtubule. Finally, such structures are shown to have an enhanced robustness to static disorder when compared to geometries that include only short-range interactions. These cooperative effects (superradiance and supertransfer) may induce ultra-efficient photoexcitation absorption and could enhance excitonic energy transfer in microtubules over long distances under physiological conditions.
https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1367-2630/aaf839/pdf
The vacua appearing in SSB, the macroscopic order, are interpreted as the memory storage in QBD.
https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/21/11/1066/htm
It follows that humans may represent an additional, previously unrecognized source of weak (1–10 nT) ambient ELF magnetic fields.
The locally induced magnetic field between electron magnetic dipole moments of delocalized electron clouds in neuronal domains is complementary to the exogenous electromagnetic waves created by the oscillating molecular dipoles in the electro-ionic brain. In this paper, we mathematically model the operation of the electromagnetic grid, especially in regard to the functional role of atomic orbitals of dipole-bound delocalized electrons. A quantum molecular dynamic approach under quantum equilibrium conditions is taken to illustrate phase differences between quasi-free electrons tethered to an oscillating molecular core. We use a simplified version of the many-body problem to analytically solve the macro-quantum wave equation (equivalent to the Kohn-Sham equation). The resultant solution for the mechanical angular momentum can be used to approximate the molecular orbital of the dipole-bound delocalized electrons. In addition to non-adiabatic motion of the molecular core, ‘guidance waves’ may contribute to the delocalized macro-quantum wave functions in generating nonlocal phase correlations. The intrinsic magnetic properties of the origins of the endogenous electromagnetic field are considered to be a nested hierarchy of electromagnetic fields that may also include electromagnetic patterns in three-dimensional space. The coupling between the two-brains may involve an ‘anticipatory affect’ based on the conceptualization of anticipation as potentiality, arising either from the macro-quantum potential energy or from the electrostatic effects of residual charges in the quantum and classical subsystems of the two-brains that occurs through partitioning of the potential energy of the combined quantum molecular dynamic system.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0303264719301376
Wow - finally an image of what Puharich was claiming a long time ago - only he said it was the phase difference between the electron and proton as a proton spin coupling.
Fascinating.
very fascinating indeed.
Poznanski, Roman R.; Cacha, Lleuvelyn A.; Latif, Ahmad Z.A.; Salleh, Sheik H.; Ali, Jalil; Yupapin, Preecha; Tuszynski, Jack A.; Ariff, Tengku M. (2019). Molecular orbitals of delocalized electron clouds in neuronal domains. Biosystems, 183(), 103982–. doi:10.1016/j.biosystems.2019.103982
The nervous system is one of the most complex expressions of biological evolution. Its high performance mostly relies on the basic principle of the action potential, a sequential activation of local ionic currents along the neural fiber. The implications of this essentially electrical phenomenon subsequently emerged in a more comprehensive electromagnetic perspective of neurotransmission. Several studies focused on the possible role of photons in neural communication and provided evidence of the transfer of photons through myelinated axons. A hypothesis is that myelin sheath would behave as an optical waveguide, although the source of photons is controversial. In a previous work, we proposed a model describing how photons would arise at the node of Ranvier. In this study we experimentally detected photons in the node of Ranvier by Ag+ photoreduction measurement technique, during electrically induced nerve activity. Our results suggest that in association to the action potential a photonic radiation takes place in the node.
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-82622-5
Liboff, A. R. (2016). The electromagnetic basis of social interactions. Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine, (), 1–5. doi:10.1080/15368378.2016.1241180
https://www.jcer.com/index.php/jcj/article/view/835/859
Yan Zhiqiang and colleagues of the Shandong College of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Zheng Rongrong and colleagues of the Shanghai Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine were the first to make descriptive studies of UPE from the acupuncture points at the meridian ends, preferentially the fingertips and toes, utilizing photomultiplier tubes with approximately 1 cm opening which were placed in a dark chamber in close proximity to the acupuncture point of interest. Their descriptive and comparative studies included group sizes ranging between 10 and 100 subjects, controlled for sex and age and statistically evaluated. More than 30 studies were published between 1979 and 1998, mostly in Chinese scientific journals. These studies have been evaluated recently by the Sino-Dutch Centre for Preventive and Personalized Medicine of Leiden University, the Netherlands.4 This evaluation focused on UPE studies of humans that are important for independent repetition. To summarize the results of these studies, the overall fingertip emissions of men and women in different age groups demonstrated that emissions were not statistically different till the age of 30 years, but then UPE began to increase; UPE of aging men increased more than the UPE of aging women in the same age-group. A seasonal pattern in UPE was observed: emissions in summer were significantly higher than in winter. In all these studies with healthy subjects, the corresponding right and left fingertips behaved similarly, that is, emission was symmetric.5,6 In contrast, unhealthy subjects—patients—often demonstrated a broken left–right symmetry and increased emission strengths.7,8 The a-symmetry in UPE was not only observed for Chinese syndromes but also for typical “Western” diseases, including hypertension, facial nerve paralysis, constipation, and cancer.7–10 A final topic to be mentioned was the effect of acupuncture treatment on the UPE of all patients participating in all studies, independent of type of pathology, as compared to all control subjects. Before treatment, the overall patient group (N = 279) had increased UPE of 70% compared the to the control group (N = 315). After treatment with acupuncture, the UPE of the patient group was reduced to 11% higher than the control group.11,12
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/2164956119855930
our results show that individual anesthetic molecules can interact with photons. Even more significant is that the halogenated ethers studied here selectively interacted with a quantum system, entangled photons, as opposed to the classical system of photons. This distinction is important because the interaction mechanisms with classical vs entangled photons are different. In both two-photon interactions, the molecule interacting with the photons can take different pathways to go from its initial state to its final state. In classical two-photon interactions, the pathways cannot be controlled, due to the Fourier uncertainty relationship between frequency and time55. However, in entangled two-photon interactions, specific pathways can be selected because the entangled photons are not limited by the Fourier uncertainty principle55. In other words, during the interaction event with two entangled photons, the molecule and the photons become correlated such that the specific interaction pathway in the molecule is strongly correlated with the quantum state of the photons55. In order for a molecule to interact with entangled photons, it must be able to interact with the strongly correlated photons such that it enters into a correlation with them and thus affects the state of the photons; in this case, the molecule affects the photons by interacting with them instead of allowing them to transmit through the medium. Fig. 3 clearly shows that the anesthetics have the ability to interact with the strongly correlated 800 nm entangled photons in our experiment. This is the first empirical evidence that certain anesthetic molecules can directly interact with particles through a quantum mechanism. In addition, diethyl ether, a structurally similar ether, does not interact with the 800 nm entangled photons (transmission plots provided in Supplementary Figs S8–11). Thus, SEVO and ISO have a unique property that diethyl ether does not have. Although not explored in this work, this property may be related to the specific actions of SEVO and ISO vs diethyl ether. We have only investigated the interaction the ethers have with one wavelength of entangled photons, 800 nm. It is not known whether the ethers studied here can or cannot interact with entangled photons of other wavelengths, and this would be an interesting direction for further study.
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-47651-1
Besides meditation, some authors focused on the spontaneous UPEZapata, F., Pastor-Ruiz, V., Ortega-Ojeda, F., Montalvo, G., Ruiz-Zolle, A. V., & García-Ruiz, C. (2021). Human ultra-weak photon emission as non-invasive spectroscopic tool for diagnosis of internal states – A review. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, 216, 112141. doi:10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2021.
intensity changes due to the simple fact of imagining, intention and/or
cognition (i.e., brain activity) (Table 1) [64–67]. Dotta et al. [65] first
showed that during brief intervals, when volunteers (n = 8) sat in a dark
room and imagined white light, there was a repeatable, reliable and very
statistically significant increase in the UPE from the right brain hemisphere
while there was no change in the left hemisphere (Table 1). Later,
this research group found a quantitative relationship between the deviation
from random fluctuations in an electronic device and the brain
activity’s UPE when comparing “imagining” (intention) versus mundane
(passive or non-intentional) thinking [66,67]. When imagining, noticeable
and reversible photon UPE intensity increased from the right
hemisphere (Table 1). This was strongly correlated to left prefrontal
brain activity [67]. Thus, these last discoveries suggest that the subject’s
intention modified, at least, the brain’s UPE.
d) Macroscopic quantum coherence and entanglement could make apparent violation of light velocity barrier possible. Whether standard quantum theory is enough to allow macroscopic quantum coherence and cognitive and sensory enhancement is however far from clear. Biosystems are coherent systems, which is extremely difficult to understand in standard quantum theory. Could biology teach something important to physicists?
ER-EPR correspondence claims that wormholes serve as correlates for quantum entanglement in GRT. Could this picture generalize so that the analogs of wormholes (unstable in GRT) would be everyday life in biology?
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8250859/
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