Oxytocin neuroedrocrine system Receptors key to Female Mammals: (OTRs) oxytocin receptors

 A great deal of evidence suggests that the oxytocin neuroendocrine system plays a key role in the initiation of maternal behavior following birth. It is now clear that oxytocin, which is synthesized in the neurons of the hypothalamus (specifically in the paraventricular nucleus [PVN] and supraoptic nucleus), is released not only into the general circulation from the posterior pituitary, but centrally during vaginal stimulation and parturition, to act upon oxytocin receptors widely expressed throughout the central nervous system (Forsling, 1986; Barberis and Tribollet, 1996; Gimpl and Fahrenholz, 2001). Moreover, maternal behavior was found to be greatly impaired in post-parturient rats that received PVN lesions during pregnancy (Insel and Harbaugh, 1989), and in female rats administrated an oxytocin antagonist immediately after parturition (van Leengoed et al., 1987). Furthermore, oxytocin receptors proliferate in many forebrain areas including the mPOA, ventromedial hypothalamus, and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis of female rats at the time of partition (Jirikowski et al., 1989; Pedersen et al., 1994). These alterations in oxytocin receptor expression may be partially responsible for the induction of maternal behavior, since intraventricular and mPOA infusion of oxytocin induces a rapid onset of maternal behavior in virgin female rats (Pedersen and Prange Jr, 1979; Pedersen et al., 1994).

 Oxytocin and mutual communication in mother-infant bonding

 The oxytocin system in the mPOA is associated with the induction of maternal behavior (Pedersen et al., 1994).

 Francis D. D., Champagne F. A., Meaney M. J. (2000). Variations in maternal behaviour are associated with differences in oxytocin receptor levels in the rat. J. Neuroendocrinol. 12, 1145–1148

 Oxytocin receptor levels in the central nucleus of the amygdala were significantly higher in high compared to low LG-ABN females regardless of reproductive status. These findings suggest that individual differences in maternal behaviour may be directly related to variations in oxytocin receptor expression.

 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4671834/

 Indeed, one of the functions of estradiol action within MPOA neurons may be to stimulate the expression of oxytocin receptors (OTRs) so that the critical neurons become responsive to OT,

 higher densities of OTR in the mPFC, NA and lateral amygdala than nonmonogamous montane and meadow voles (Fig. 4; Insel & Shapiro, 1992). Indeed, OTR is virtually absent in the NA of nonmonogamous vole species. This robust species difference in OTR density in the mesolimbic reward pathway led to speculation that these receptor populations may be involved in mating-induced partner preference formation. Indeed, infusion of an OT antagonist into the NA or mPFC, but not into the adjacent caudate-putamen, prevents mating-induced partner preferences in female prairie voles (Young et al., 2001).

 Insel, T.R. & Shapiro, L.E. Oxytocin receptor distribution reflects social organization
in monogamous and polygamous voles. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89, 5981–5985
(1992).

  Liu, Y. & Wang, Z.X. Nucleus accumbens dopamine and oxytocin interact to regu-
late pair bond formation in female prairie voles. Neuroscience 121, 537–544
(2003)

oxytocin receptors in NAcc is essential for pair-bond formation

  As already noted, we do not know whether OTRs are localized on neurons expressing D1 or D2 receptors, or both.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4671834/ 

 One possibility is that the hormonal and OT changes associated with the end of pregnancy coupled with maternal interaction with pups in some way boosts the number of OTRs in NAs to levels much higher than those that are typically expressed in nonpregnant females and males. Perhaps epigenetic mechanisms are involved in this effect (Stolzenberg et al., 2014; 2012; cf. Wang et al., 2013). This is certainly and important area for future research.

 

 

Black Hole variable speed of light due to singularity: the Noncommutative black hole frequencies secret

 https://www.quora.com/If-mass-becomes-infinite-at-the-speed-of-light-then-why-arent-all-black-holes-infinitely-massive

While it is true that the infalling object’s speed approaches the vacuum speed of light at its location, that vacuum speed of light rapidly approaches zero near the horizon, as viewed by that distant observer! The reason is gravitational time dilation: To the distant observer, everything appears to slow down near the horizon, including light.

So the two effects (the rise in the infalling object’s speed vs. increased time dilation) cancel each other out, and the resulting energy-content remains finite. The infalling object does gain kinetic energy at the expense of gravitational potential energy, but energy conservation remains valid, and the total mass of black hole + infalling object remains constant at all times, unless the process, due to its geometric asymmetry (e.g., an inspiral), results in some energy loss in the form of gravitational radiation.

https://www.ligo.org/science/GW-Inspiral.php 

 Inspiral gravitational waves are generated during the end-of-life stage of binary systems where the two objects merge into one.  These systems are usually two neutron stars, two black holes, or a neutron star and a black hole whose orbits have degraded to the point that the two masses are about to coalesce.  As the two masses rotate around each other, their orbital distances decrease and their speeds increase, much like a spinning figure skater who draws his or her arms in close to their body.  This causes the frequency of the gravitational waves to increase until the moment of coalescence.  The sound these gravitational waves would produce is a chirp sound (much like when increasing the pitch rapidly on a slide whistle) since the binary system’s orbital frequency is increasing (any increase in frequency corresponds to an increase in pitch).

 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2212686423002169

 stronger non-commutative parameters lead to slower damping oscillations of gravitational waves and higher partial absorption cross sections. Furthermore, we study the geodesics of massless and massive particles, highlighting that the non-commutative parameter significantly impacts the paths of light and event horizons.

 When a BH is formed through the gravitational collapse of matter, it emanates radiation that includes a bundle of characteristic frequencies unrelated to the process which generated it. These perturbations are called the quasinormal modes.

 https://arxiv.org/abs/2305.06838

[Submitted on 11 May 2023 (v1), last revised 27 Nov 2023 (this version, v2)]

Gravitational signatures of a non--commutative stable black hole

N. Heidari, H. Hassanabadi, A. A. Araújo Filho, J. Kriz, S. Zare, P. J. Porfírio

 

  notable trend caused by the non–commutativity of the spacetime: as
Θ2 increases, the maximum value of the effective potential decrease

 we observed that increasing the NC parameter
results in a decrease in the propagating frequency (ωln) when comparing the real part of
the frequencies. However, the imaginary part of the frequency decreases as the Θ value
increases, indicating that higher values of the NC parameter lead to greater stability for the BH.

 P. Nicolini, A model of radiating black hole in noncommutative geometry. J. Phys. A Math. Gen. 38(39), L631 (2005)

  When matter undergoes gravitational collapse, giving rise to the formation of a black hole, it enters a perturbed state, emitting radiation that encompasses an array of discrete frequencies unrelated to the collapse process itself [55]. Termed quasinormal modes, these perturbations exhibit distinct frequencies that define their unique nature [56, 57].

 https://link.springer.com/article/10.1140/epjc/s10052-023-12328-7

 introduction to noncommutative math

Improving the Land: Platonic philosophy as Eugenics: Improving humans

 new Eugenics documentary

I mentioned a talk by a professor pointing out John Locke wrote the constitution for the Carolinas - stating citizens could NOT make contracts with "savages" because they did not "improve the land." This "improvement" is the basis of Platonic development - as "sovereignty" - as I blogged already.

Platonic philosophy also relies on eugenics and so modern eugenics also fixated on IMPROVEMENT of humans....  

From the politics of intimacy to the politics of intimidation on Nicaragua’s Mosquito Coast by Mark Jamieson 23th of April 2024

 

"You are the Weaker One" - Juror against the prosecuting lawyer of O.J. Simpson trial doc on Netflix

In other words her perception of right and wrong as morality was based on STRENGTH AND POWER - "you are the weaker one" therefore you are wrong!! This is an excellent example how emotions override the truth. Because the prosecutor clearly got "played" therefore OJ was innocent! Hilarious.

An Infinite number of matrices that behave like i (imaginary number in Clifford Algebra)

 

 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nktgFWLy32U

As I already blog posted - Professor Basil J. Hiley is emphasizing, similar to Lou Kauffman and Alain Connes, that the imaginary number i should NOT be defined as a complex number but rather as an asymmetric time dynamic that is infinite - and thus a nonlocal "action." 

 I sent Stuart Hameroff the fascinating 1963 master's thesis of Andrew Cochran that cites David Bohm and Pascual Jordan for the origins of life. Cochran relies on life from "low heat capacity" as negentropy. 1963 The application of quantum-mechanical concepts to biologicalThe application of quantum-mechanical concepts to biological systemssystems Andrew A. Cochran Cochran then cites the same "pi electron aromatic ring resonance" bonds that Hameroff relies on. So this creates what are called "Dirac Cones" but in actuality this is noncommutativity. So Cochran argues that atoms have consciousness. Hiley and Bohm called this "active information" and Hiley now relies on noncommutativity. What noncommutativity means is that Heisenberg discovered reality as nonlocality is due to "transition frequencies" - before any measurement takes place. Bohm and Hiley called this involution - but it means that time and frequency are more fundamental than spacetime. Alain Connes explains this more - you can find his talks on youtube. He is the "father" of noncommutative geometry. Hiley emphasizes the physics more than the math. Essentially the imaginary number is a phase change as an action that is nonlocal. Math professor Louis Kauffman also describes this well - how it takes time to make any external measurement as velocity. This time of the measurement causes the phase change. In terms of biology from Stuart Hameroff - the key factor is ultrasound of the microtubules. What I discovered in my research is that tinnitus research has proven the highest sound we can listen to externally resonates INTERNALLY in the brain as ultrasound! Hameroff's research group has discovered the skull actually emits ultrasound waves also. Anirban Bandyopadhyay's research group then discovered the strongest conductance increase - 3000 times - of microtubule electromagnetic energy amplitude is ultrasound. This means the tubulin inside are relying on quantum coherence that is superluminal. Denis Noble, the biologist, also emphasizes the tubulin in cells as the key to evolution and DNA - the tubulin in the water in the cells. Not just neurons. So in the tubulin you have these aromatic resonance rings - from tryptophan and hemoglobin as Cochran points out - just like chlorophyll is also an aromatic resonance ring. "The low heat capacity of organic materials tells us that almost all atoms of living sub­stances are in the same energy state they would be in at the absolute zero of temperature. “Because of their low heat capacities, proteins are largely unaffected by the pelting hail of quanta and thermal disorder that constantly bombard them, and this is one reason that they are able to main­tain their high degree of order and organization over long periods of time.”[40] Put another way, “wave” (as opposed to “particle”) “pre­pon­derance” typifies living things." So the room temperature superluminal signal is actually the noncommutativity of the overlapping spin that is nonlocal and also nondualism in terms of active information protoconsciousness. Since it is noncommutativity it is beyond size as Roger Penrose emphasizes - as well as Gerard 't Hooft in his "Light is Heavy" article with Martin van der Mark. Meaning matter is actually made of light but light has relativistic gravitational mass due to the 1/2 spin of matter. So this means virtual photons are NOT just a renormalization trick but as Basil J. Hiley has proven the renormalization trick of Richard Feynman is incorrect. Planck's constant has to be squared and then the time-frequency as a quadrature is realized to be inherently noncommutative. This actually is the truth of music theory as well as Alain Connes points out! Ironically ONLY Alain Connes figured out this truth of music (but I also noticed this truth of music as a teenager) - you can see my book "Ancient Advanced Acoustic Alchemy" for details - it's free online.