Sunday, July 5, 2026

the imaginary number is more than a spinning complex exponential: Noncommutative phase is nonlocal as inflation of the Universe

 at the near-infrared limit the symmetry of the current universe is recovered...

Apresentação da Liga e Espaço-tempo Não Comutativo (Geovane Naysinger)

 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7ifRAbeYTis

 noncommutative deformations of algebraic spaces can drive wave functions to produce the exponential acceleration (inflation) of the Universe.... we have presented a novel framework for understanding the accelerating expansion of the Universe based on noncommutative quantum gravity. This model provides a unified explanation for both early inflation and late-time acceleration without the need for fine-tuning. By introducing noncommutative deformations to the conventional Poisson algebra, we have shown that the Universe’s wave function and scale factor can evolve in ways that align with observed acceleration

This physicist has a very fascinating lucid analysis of why the imaginary number is necessary in quantum physics 

 The accelerating universe in a noncommutative analytically continued foliated quantum gravity

 the noncommutative algebra induces late-time accelerated growth of the wave function, the Universe’s scale factor, and its complementary quantum counterpart, offering a new perspective on explaining the accelerating cosmic expansion rate and the inflationary period. In contrast to the inflationary model, where inflation requires a remarkably fine-tuned set of initial conditions in a patch of the Universe, analytically continued non-commutative foliated quantum gravity captures short and long scales, driving the evolutionary dynamics of the Universe through a reconfiguration of the primordial cosmic content of matter and energy. This reconfiguration is encapsulated into a quantum field potential, which leads to the generation of relic gravitational waves, a topic for future investigation.

  Our model provides an alternative to inflationary theories by explaining cosmic acceleration through a fundamental restructuring of spacetime geometry rather than relying on specific initial conditions.

: the noncommutative geometry of spacetime itself. This quantum modification leads to a late-time accelerated growth of the cosmic scale factor, offering a compelling alternative to dark energy and other external driving forces.

When we examine the plots of the configuration of matter and energy in the early Universe (see (49) and (51)), we may identify noncommutative imprints of the spacetime structure implying non-symmetrical redistribution of matter and energy which captures, in our conception, the short- and long-range spacetime scales. Moreover, the transition region between the two universes could serve as a source of matter/particles and energy, which drives the acceleration of the Universe.

 due to the application of an ‘external’ torque. In the noncommutative formulation, this symmetry is broken, indicating a mixture of intensities or amplitudes of the potential . The potential simulates the presence of different compositions of matter in the primordial Universe that imply structural modifications of the spacetime structure, shaping this way its curvature that depends locally on the amount and distribution of matter or, equivalently, energy. This symmetry breaking reveals the potentiality of a noncommutative formulation in terms of its implications in affecting not only the curvature of space-time, but furthermore, the capture of short and long scales, boosting the evolution dynamics of the wave function of the Universe

 This suggests that the accelerated expansion of our Universe may be the result of a folded memory shared by both universes. This concept implies that spacetime possesses a fold-memory (or twist-memory or torsion-memory), which, when subjected to a twist in the mirrored counterpart and subsequently regulated and shaped by this fold-memory, spontaneously unfolds in response to ‘external’ stimuli. This unfolding process propels the acceleration of our Universe’s expansion.

 A key insight from this formulation is that the introduction of noncommutative geometry creates a natural asymmetry in the early Universe, potentially explaining both the inflationary phase and late-time acceleration without requiring separate mechanisms. The evolution of the dual spaces, and , reveals a topological twist in the spacetime fabric, which drives this expansion.

  the noncommutative symplectic algebraic formulation gives a mechanism to end inflation and also permits that a non accelerating Universe after a period of time can start a reacceleration period. This is because the noncommutative symplectic algebraic formulation induces the capture of short and long spatiotemporal scales, driving not only the evolutionary dynamics of the Universe’s wave function and the cosmic scale factor but also a reconfiguration of matter on small and intermediate scales,

 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/asna.20230162

 

Instituto de Fisica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 91501-970, Brazil
2
International Center for Relativistic Astrophysics Network (ICRANet), 65122 Pescara, Italy
3
Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM), A.P. 70-543, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
4
Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies (FIAS), J.W. von Goethe Universität, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
5
Observatoire de la Cote d’Azur (OCA), 06300 Nice, France
6
Department of Physics, San Diego State University (SDSU), San Diego, CA 92182, USA
7
Department of Physics, University of California at San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
8
Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Campus Caçapava do Sul, Caçapava do Sul 96570-000, Brazil

 https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1997/11/6/179

  By altering the fundamental scales of spacetime, the non-commutative structure affects the gravitational field, matter fields, and new stable quantum states could emerge, expanding the spectrum of new dark matter candidates, an arena where nonlocal interactions could generate dark matter condensates, or even reduce or eliminate the requirements for dark matter. In terms of its effects on current models in the literature, its implications would be palpable in models based on modified Newtonian dynamics, running gravitational constants, or effective dark matter profiles, whose resulting effects could originate from noncommutative corrections to gravity. Furthermore, the implications of the non-commutative structure of spacetime in affecting the dynamics of galaxies would have implications for important structural elements such as dark matter halo structures and lensing anomalies in the CBM power spectra due to quantum gravity corrections, among others. However, more concrete predictions require a fully developed theory that might provide future insight.

 quantum scale worm holes

 It gives rise to a source term in the background fluid
continuity equation, thereby leading to an apparent type of matter creation picture through the
resulting non-conservation. Remarkably, the resulting Hubble function accounts for the observed
accelerated expansion of the universe without invoking any external dark energy component or
cosmological constant. 

 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2503.17878

 Branch-cut cosmology, alternatively,
proposes an absolutely non-temporal beginning in the
imaginary sector, a configuration of pure space, through
a Wick rotation that replaces the imaginary component
of time with the temperature, the thermal time, that
flows in the opposite direction of the arrow of time in the
expansion phases of the first and second scenarios. In the
first scenario, in the contraction phase, before entering
into the expansion phase, the temperature and entropy
of the branch-cut universe must reach values consistent
with the corresponding ones in the expansion phase. For
this to happen, the temperature of the universe in the
contraction phase must increase, but the entropy must
decrease, as determined by thermodynamics, reversing
this way the arrow of time. In the contraction sector of
the first scenario, as the transition region approaches,
there occurs a progressive decrease in the entropy and
an increase in the temperature of the universe, so there
is a critical region, whose dimensions are determined by
the Bekenstein Criterion (de Freitas Pacheco et al., 2023),
where the entropy reaches its minimum value and the
temperature in contra-position its maximum value.
In order to maintain the “past-to-future” global orien-
tation, we propose as a novelty a time arrow oriented
towards the decreasing of entropy in the contraction
sector of the universe, and the conventional concep-
tion in the expansion phase. This proposition would be
valid for both scenarios of the branch-cut cosmology,
as in the first scenario there is a contraction sector fol-
lowed by an expansion phase of the universe, while
in the second scenario all sectors are associated with
the expansion of both, ours and the mirror-universe.
In this conception, the cosmological arrow of time is
determined as the direction in which “time”, from the
macroscopic point of view, flows globally. 

https://arxiv.org/pdf/2212.02670 

 The impossibility of packaging energy and entropy
according to the Bekenstein criterion in a finite size
makes the transition phase of the branch-cut cosmol-
ogy very peculiar, imposing a topological leap between
the two phases or a transition region similar to a
wormhole, with space-time shaping itself topologically
in the format of a helix-shape like around a branch-
point (Zen Vasconcellos et al., 2021a), a topic that needs
further investigation in the future. 

 

Steve Keen: Gov't Bonds are an asset of the private banking sector - not households!

 The government does not bank at the "private banks" but instead the government banks at the "central bank" using reserves. Interest on bonds increases reserves. Bonds are bought with reserves. 

Put the government account as something that is owned by - a liability of the central bank and then all the operations pass through reserves. So interest is on bonds increases reserves. Bonds are purchased using reserves...Government spending increases reserves...and taxation reduces reserves... 

So you divide GDP by government debt.... based on the velocity of money...  selling bonds increases government debt but the money turns over as increased gdp. Rising level of private debt decreases the velocity of money by decreasing private spending...

 The government is the only entity that can cope [with debt] because it creates the money supply. The money that it borrows should be used to build the infrastructure...like public services....health, welfare, education, infrastructure maintenance...

Friday, July 3, 2026

Can Permanent Gorilla Tape All-weather fix Georgia's Giant 8 inch steel toe work boot?

 Permanent Gorilla Tape All-Weather is a heavy-duty waterproof duct tape engineered with a high-strength butyl adhesive and a weather-resistant shell....Butyl adhesive can stick to leather, but it creates a semi-permanent, highly flexible, and sticky bond. While it will adhere, it is not recommended for heavy-duty or structural leatherwork....

Why did I order another pair of work boots? I wanted a boot that did not have the sole breaking apart from the seam - my current pair has a stitched sole so I could get it repaired. But my outer sole is also not the original traction (I cut off half of the logger heel) - there's huge holes in the traction and so anyone doing a repair would want to put on a new traction outer sole. That would cost as much as a new pair of boots. 

 https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTH21czROCJmYlaxZzrFYvhM9r0dEcHbLTp79Ky8kjLXQ&s=10

Besides the outer leather is wearing out despite my constant use of mink oil and "tuff toe" type paint or asphalt on the toe... And most importantly - the boots are heavy and hot due to the insulation and also the thick outer sole. 

Despite all the above problems the boot is very comfortable and strong - unless there is catastrophic failure of the stitching on the one sole around the heel area where it is starting to separate.... 

 The Georgia Giant work boot got redesigned in the 1980s apparently when the manufacturing was moved abroad. The Georgia Logger boot and Georgia winter boot (with toe insulation!!) are what I already have - both are very comfortable and very sturdy.  The Georgia work boot called "Giant" gets lots of bad reviews but some good reviews yet even the good reviews admit the boot sole wears down fast - barely lasting a year of full-time work. 

A new, stronger sole - vibram - can be sewn on but for the same price as replacing the Giant boot with the sole that is lighter. The idea is that the Georgia Giant work boot is lighter and also less insulated - so less hot to wear, despite being less comfortable.

 I got the 8 inch taller boot for more ankle support

And that extra two inches of ankle support is probably the redeeming factor. Why? Here are the main design problems with the Georgia Giant work boot:

The first thing I noticed is the toe box has a separate stitch for the tongue - and also where the steel toe ends. The steel toe in the other boot is under more insulation and thus better protected for better comfort. In this case the top of your foot is rubbing against an edge of steel and that thin fabric separating your foot from the steel edge? It doesn't last, as per reviews - thus making the steel break through as a danger to your foot. The stitch seam where the tongue starts rubs against the top of the foot... so that's two places of weakness in the toe area - and on top of the foot...

The second problem I noticed - and reviews confirmed - that the sole provided is not comfortable enough as an inner sole lining - yet it can not be removed! It is glued to the outer sole as one piece. Yet if you add another inner sole then the boot is too small of size...

The third problem is the stitching on the heel - it has no cushion insulation lining and so there is raw hide stitching rubbing against the heel - causing pain.

The fourth problem is the eyelet on the side of the shoe - the rivet is not covered up internally and reviews confirm this causes severe pain against the ankle bone. One person simply cut out that eyelet and rivet, thus creating a hole. Another person taped over the rivet on the inside.

The fifth problem is the polyurethane outer sole wears out fast and also cracks and crumbles from water moisture as an internal reaction. Even the tread on the sole is very shallow and so it is obvious that the tread would not last. One person cuts a new tread into the sole - and I will do the same, assuming the sole doesn't break apart from internal moisture reaction first (hydrolysis). 

 Water molecules in the air (humidity) slowly penetrate the microscopic pores of the PU, breaking down the molecular bonds and rendering the foam brittle ...

not as bad as the Eva sole!

An EVA outer sole is made of Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate, a lightweight, rubber-like foam. ...EVA (Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate) is the most widely used cushioning material for insole liners and footbeds across the footwear industry,

The sixth problem appears to have been fixed - there were multiple complaints of the rubber outer lining peeling off, and thus catching the rain as a side basin on the boot. I checked - and especially where the toe bends - this flexes that rubber lining. But that rubber lining (an outer band above the sole) is now sewn in - and not just glued on! So that appears to be fixed.

OK so last night I looked at boot liners to try to solve multiple problems at the same time (the side eyelet, the heel, the toe steel and the inner sole). Today I just found two different boot liners that I had saved in the garage (from older boots that I keep around for precisely this reason - to salvage boot parts!)... Unfortunately even with the thinnest liner - and yes it was remarkable thin and thus ideal as a boot liner - it was just a bit too tight! I definitely could not wear socks. 

Some people wear two pairs of socks to stretch out the boot. One person recommended a soup can to lift up that toe bend - but with the steel toe that is not going to bend up easily. I stuffed a couple soup cans in but I was not "stretching" anything out. I suppose I could try to hammer or wedge the steel toe to be wider? I don't think so - it would deform the whole boot - the shank and all.

OK so this leaves me with the solution I first started out with and that has worked so far - because I do have the 8 inch ankle support, therefore I can tie the boots very loose yet high up. So I leave lots of slack and breathing and moving room yet I still have enough support for the boot to do its job.  This has worked so far for two days of mowing work - so maybe four hours of uneven hilly terrain that I mow. I take lots of sharp corners and move around with my weight - and I did fine with a loose - and NO use of that ankle bone eyelet - I leave that one alone....

Is that solution - not just the simplest but also sufficient? there is still some callous blisters forming - as people in reviews have reported. Some people stopped wearing the boots after three days due to blisters being so bad!! Some people said the boot was very comfortable?! Why the variation? Again if you get the boot too big you could fit in a 2nd inner sole to increase the comfort. Or you could wear thicker socks or two socks... but I thought the boot would be too big yet the size is just right for one sock (not a thick sock even)...

There is a heel insert patch that I can get to prevent the heel stitch from rubbing. And there is also mole skin that I can put on the steel toe edge - and on the inner ankle bone eyelet rivets....

 I think I'll first try my Gorilla Glue thick all-weather rubber tape to see if that provides enough cushioning against the rivets and stitching and steel. I don't have a lot of wiggle room.

 OK I just put in 13 pieces of Gorilla Glue tape in one boot and left the other boot - stitched them up and the difference was subtle yet noticeable. I think that Gorilla Glue tape will work - I had to add more tape when it was getting pulled off from putting my foot in the boot....

OK I would still like a little bit more cushion on the bottom but I would have to get those "ultra-thin" shoe liners... since I don't have any wiggle room....

 OK I ordered ultra then EVA inner sole liners.... now I need to tape up the 2nd boot with the Gorilla Glue All-weather tape... 

I do appreciate that this new boot is lighter and not as hot... and that was my goal. Also the sole is not tearing off and the leather is in better condition - but I sprayed on asphalt to protect the toe and the asphalt spray says TACKY!! Very fascinating - it does not dry hard. It's not as greasy nor slippery as lanolin oil - so I'm happy about that. But I need to use the epoxy paint so the asphalt doesn't keep rubbing off...

 OK I just took a quarter mile walk with the Georgia Giant boots on and the left boot that had the Gorilla Tape definitely felt more comfortable!!! So that inspired me to put another 13 pieces of Gorilla All Weather Tape in the right boot....

I feel better now - like I could tie up the boot tighter as I did just now for the walk. I used the ankle bone eyelets and it was no problem for the left boot.... 

The only problem left is the sole either cracking from hydrolysis - getting brittle and crumbling apart - OR the sole wearing down too fast (in which case I can cut more tread into it)....

Since we normally are not that humid for weather then hopefully the hydrolysis won't be too bad. It is very humid currently but it should pass...

 OK so there is a Georgia Giant 8 inch Revamp that addresses the above design problems!! Wow very fascinating!!

 toe box material cracked and broke and interior liner wore through after only light use....3 months in and the soles are already breaking down.... I have to say they are the most comfortable boots I have ever had. They have good padding in the bottom-foot area and yet when I climb ladders they give me a lot of support. 

 yeah so maybe their Revamp isn't working out? It's not a steel toe...and the sole doesn't have that extra rubber lining around it? hmm. wow - the sole is just GLUED between the inner and outer sole!! No wonder they're so cheap - only $80 compared to $150... So a lot more comfortable but they break real fast! So the Revamp was released six years ago... 

 I bought this 2 weeks ago and didn’t last me 5 days when the bottom sole was already flopping around so I had to glue them , at least they’re comfortable....They started falling apart in less than 90 days. Would not buy again. Sent in a complaint. Got no response. My husband is gluing them together with shoo-goo so he can wear them to work tomorrow.

Garbage! 

 that person got a refund and no one else has reported the problem.... but still there is no steel toe for this boot.  Yeah I think the outer sole is GLUED to an EVA middle sole.... wow. Fascinating.

 While the outer sole is cemented to the EVA midsole for a flexible, comfortable foundation, the upper is securely stitched to the welt to ensure structural durability

 Yep AI confirmed it.

 OK I will glue the previous boot together with the below.

6000 PREMIUM Clear Adhesive 2.0 fl oz
 
 Why Goodyear Welt Construction Matters | Thorogood USA
 
 A genuine leather welt is a strip of firm, high-quality leather used primarily in premium shoemaking and repair. Stitched between the shoe's upper and sole, it provides a highly durable, renewable attachment point that allows for easy resoling. [1, 2, 3, 4]
Applications and Uses
  • Shoemaking & Repair: It is the foundational component in Goodyear welt construction, which stitches the upper, welt, and sole together
 Sutton Rapid E Outsole Stitcher (often called the Pedersen Rapid E) is a heavy-duty industrial machine utilized by cobblers to sew outsoles to the welts of Goodyear welt shoes.
 
No, the Georgia Boot Homeland collection does not use Goodyear welt construction... Instead, they are built using a direct-attached construction, where the shock-absorbing PVC outsole is chemically bonded directly to the upper soles

split across the ball of both feet, all the way through. That short of lifespan over rides any good quality.

 PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride) outsoles on boots are common, especially in brands like Dr. Martens, but they frequently split due to cold temperatures making the material brittle, or wear-and-tear causing the heat-welded seams to fail

 OK.... 

Yes, the Vibram sole on the Georgia Logger boot is cemented (glued) onto the midsole using industrial-grade adhesives. [1]
Even though the boot features a durable Goodyear welt construction where the upper, welt, and midsole are stitched together, the outer rubber sole itself is glued. This makes it possible for a cobbler to remove and replace the outsole when it wears out...

 I had a different style g[E]orgia a while back which did the same but those had a glued sole and the sole wore out and detached in less than a month went throu like 10 pair through the 6 month warranty.

 wow!!!

 to completely remove old cement glue from a Vibram sole, soften the adhesive with a heat gun, scrape it away, and sand or dissolve the remaining residue. This ensures a clean, textured surface for a strong new bond...Yes, using a hair dryer on high is a highly effective method to soften and heat-activate contact cement on Vibram soles. It temporarily weakens the adhesive bond, allowing you to easily pull back the sole for repairs or safely remove it for a full resole

 OK I ordered the Vibram Logger Sole - to glue onto my logger boots.

While E6000 Adhesive can bond rubber to a welt, professional cobblers highly recommend using a true contact cement (like Barge or Renia Aquilim) for Vibram Soles. If you proceed with E6000, treat it as contact cement for best results. [1, 2, 3, 4]
Step-by-Step Application
  1. Prep the surfaces: Scuff both the welt and the top of the Vibram sole with coarse sandpaper (around 80-120 grit) to create a rough texture for the glue to grip. Wipe away all dust. [1, 2]
  2. Clean: Clean both surfaces thoroughly with Acetone to remove any remaining oils or factory coatings. [1]
  3. Apply the glue: Apply a thin, even layer of E6000 to both the welt and the Vibram sole. [1, 2]
  4. Wait for tackiness: Let the glue sit for 10 to 15 minutes. It should feel tacky and not stick to your finger when lightly touched, but transfer no wet glue. [1, 2, 3]
  5.  You will need about 1 to 2 fluid ounces of Barge All Purpose Cement to glue a full pair of Vibram soles. Because contact cement must be applied in a thin, even layer to both the bottom of the shoe and the sole, a standard 2-ounce tube is usually the perfect amount to cover a full pair of boots while leaving a little leftover for touch-ups. [1, 2, 3, 4]
  6.  
    The Step-by-Step Bonding Process
    Proper surface preparation is more important than the specific glue brand for ensuring a lasting hold. [1]
    1. Rough the surfaces: Use heavy-grit sandpaper to buff both the bottom of the shoe and the top of the Vibram sole. This creates texture for the glue to grip. [1]
    2. Clean debris: Wipe away all rubber dust using rubbing alcohol or a specialized shoe. [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
    3. Apply the glue: Using a brush, apply a thin, even layer of contact cement to both the shoe and the outsole. [1, 2]
    4. Let it dry: Allow the glue to dry for 10 to 20 minutes until it feels tacky to the touch but does not come off on your finger. [1, 2, 3]
    5. Press together: Firmly press the outsole exactly into place. Contact cement bonds instantly, so precise alignment is critical. [1, 2]
    6. Clamp and cure: Tap the sole with a hammer to lock the bond, then clamp or wrap the shoe tightly and let it cure for 24 hours before use
  7.   I made sure to get it all over everywhere I wanted it to stick. I lined the shoe up and as I was coming down..... the heel hit first and it was a little disaligned. At this point I realized that this contact cement was going to work very well. Because I had a hell of a time getting that soul off so I could realign the shoe, but I did. This stuff bonds immediately. Yes I went ahead and clamped it and made sure that everything made contact that I wanted to have stick. But I don't think that this sole is coming off this boot.... Until it wears down. Once it bonds it is sort of a clear yellow color. And if you have to pull it apart it turns white from the stretching.