I recently posted how the local newspaper (that my parents used to own and operate) is going to do a story on my "sustainable" lawn care. Some of the statistics I sent in for the freelance writer - one of the stats is on the Bioreactor composter and how using fungus in the soil dramatically increases carbon storage - at least 20 times increase.
https://phys.org/news/2013-03-fungi-responsible-carbon-sequestration-northern.html
contrary to popular belief, most of the carbon that is sequestered in northern boreal forests comes about due to fungi that live on and in tree roots, rather than via dead needles, moss and leaf matter.
So it appears that by selectively logging the EcoEcho Mini-Forest - and then converting the wood to Fungi - then I am helping to store carbon?
I'm not sure because there's different types of fungi.
But this is not what they found—instead they discovered that newer deposits were more likely to be found at deeper levels in the soil. This was because, they learned, the trees were carrying much of the carbon they pulled in down to their roots (via sugars) where it was being sequestered by a type of fungi (ectomycorrhizal, aka mycorrhizal fungi) that eats the sugars and expels the residue into the soil.
Yeah so I think that Shiitake eats mainly not the sugar but rather the dead cambrium.
cut logs in the dormant period only—late winter is best, before the sap starts to rise. Tight, persistent bark helps protect the growing mycelium in the inoculated logs from contamination by bacteria and competition from “weed” fungal species. Bark on a log cut after sap has begun moving in the cambrium will tend to slough off, leaving the mycelium exposed.
Right - so I cut the trees down last winter - early winter.
The bark seems tight for sure.
And that's important, of course, because as global warming occurs, more sequestered carbon is released due to faster decomposition rates of dead forest matter. What's still not clear, however, is whether an increase in new forest growth due to warmer temperatures in more northern areas is likely to offset the increase in release of the sequestered carbon.
So in other words - the dead forest matter NEEDS to be eaten by mycelium.
So that's what Shiitake does - at least to newly dead (harvested) trees.
http://agroforestrysolutions.blogspot.com/2012/02/forest-grown-mushrooms-superfood.html
So they do a CSA farm for Shiitake. I am hoping to do this also to offset my lawn work.
interesting.
I think then if I lower my logs into that pit I dug then there should be LESS competition with the Trichoderma mold - and also cooler moist conditions! I just have to wait for the water to get taken up by the trees. The pit is about 3/4 full right now but lowering fast.
The mycobiont is often from the phyla Basidiomycota and Ascomycota, and more rarely from the Zygomycota.[1] Ectomycorrhizas form on the roots of around 2% of plant species,[1] usually woody plants, including species from the birch, dipterocarp, myrtle, beech, willow, pine and rose families.[2]
Mycorrhizal symbioses are ubiquitous in terrestrial ecosystems, and it is possible that these associations helped to facilitate land colonization by plants. There is paleobiological and molecular evidence that arbuscular mycorrhizas (AM) originated at least 460 million years ago.[4]
An arbuscular mycorrhiza (plural mycorrhizae, a.k.a. endomycorrhiza) is a type of mycorrhiza in which the symbiont fungus (AM fungi, or AMF) penetrates the cortical cells of the roots of a vascular plant forming arbuscules. (Not to be confused with ectomycorrhiza or ericoid mycorrhiza.)
AMF is found in 80% of vascular plant families in existence today.[4]
On the LOST Serpent Goddess Secret of Sumeria (and the fertility of the soil):
My research reveals the Sumerian god of Eridug, Enki, bore the epithet ushumgal "great serpent." Later, by 2500 BC (according to Sumeriologist Samuel Noah Kramer) Enki had been recast as the Babylonian god Ea. Only someone aware of Ea's formerly being known as ushumgal Enki would realize serpent associations existed behind the Adapa myth. Mesopotamian scribes would most likely possess this esoteric knowledge. Sumerian words were still being used in the Epic of Gilgamesh down to Neo Babylonian times, often as logograms. As for example logogram edin being used in lieu of Seru, "the plain" that Enkidu meets Shamhat in, recast as Adam meeting Eve in Eden according to Professor Morris Jastrow Jr in publications of 1898-1899.
Eden's Serpent: Its Origin in Mesopotamian Myths, and The Garden of Eden Myth: Its Pre-biblical Origin in Mesopotamian Myths. They are available at Amazon.com. Or can be read on-line, via preview, at www.lulu.com.
What’s more, while poplars and willows are not traditional nitrogen-fixers, they contain specialized endophytic fungi in their leaves which fix atmospheric nitrogen and allow the trees to maintain their rapid growth. In this way, they are also an excellent living “chop-and-drop” mulch for agroforestry projects, and a valuable coppice fodder plant for silvopasture settings.
fungi in the LEAVES? wow.
Endophytes–bacteria or fungi that colonize the interior healthy plant tissue–can also fix nitrogen, making them of interest for applications in sustainable agriculture and biofuel production. Previous studies suggest that native Pinus, Populusand Salix species host nitrogen-fixing endophytes above the ground rather than solely in the rhizosphere,
these symbionts can be used to improve growth in grasses and agricultural crops under nutrient-limited conditions.
Truly fascinating!!
Back to the Great Serpent of Sumeria's Eden
notice the original Sumerian myth is the OPPOSITE of the Christian/Judean myth!!
These "recastings" are accomplished primarily via the employment of "inversions" which, in effect, present a 180 degree counter-argument to the earlier mythic concepts of the Mesopotamians, as was penetratingly noted by the late Joseph Campbell in his four volume series of books exploring the mythologies of the world, ancient and modern, called The Masks of God (1959-1968).
In other words the Mesopotamians saw _MAN AS THE VICTIM_ of un-caring, exploitive, capricious gods versus the Hebrew notion that a loving, caring _GOD IS THE VICTIM_ of an ungrateful and rebellious mankind.
In Mesopotamian myth a god (We-ila) is slain and his flesh and blood gives man mortal life and in Christian teachings a God called Jesus is slain and his flesh and blood gives man immortal life.
The Sumerians called the uncultivated steppeland or plain _edin_ (Please note: Some professional scholars prefer to render Sumerian edin as eden, so it can appear under either spelling in the professional literature). In the beginning according to the myths, _before man was created_, two great rivers flowed through an uncultivated steppeland or plain, the eden/edin, the Sumerian Buranum, Akkadian Purattu (Euphrates) and Sumerian Idiqna, Akkadian Idiglat (Genesis' Hiddekel, the Tigris). Eventually in the midst of this eden/edin the gods built cities to dwell in with city-gardens to provide sustenance for themselves. Some gardens were within city walls, others were outside the walls; irrigation canals and ditches from the Euphrates and Tigris provided water for these city-gardens. The gods' cultivated gardens were _never_ called eden/edin, this term was reserved for describing the _uncultivated_ steppeland or plain. The gods' 'cultivated' city-gardens were in the midst of the eden/edin, or surrounded by the eden/edin, the _uncultivated_ steppeland or plain. That is to say the gods' gardens were _in_ eden/edin and Yahweh-Elohim's garden was _in_ Eden too. Tiring of their labor in building cities and maintaining their irrigated city-gardens for themselves the gods later decide to create man to care for their gardens and provide them their gardens' produce in temple offerings.
Akkadian scribes were trained in both Sumerian and Akkadian, they frequently used a Sumerian LOGOGRAM (a single sign) as "substitute" for an Akkadian word which had several cuneiform signs or letters as a type of "shorthand." That is to say _one_ Sumerian logogram could replace _several_ cuneiform signs making up a word. Hence Enkidu "the wild man of the steppe" was written using the Sumerian logogram eden/edin and the scribe knew upon seeing this logogram that it was synonymous with the Akkadian word seru or seri, meaning "steppe."
I understand that Israel's "origins mythology" is that of NOMADIC HERDERS who have recast the "origins" myths of the city-dwellers of Sumer in order to glorify their way of life as shepherds of the edin. We are told that Israel's fathers were originally polytheists, but through a revelation to Abraham, formerly a resident of Ur of the Chaldees (originally a Sumerian city-state), a new concept emerged about God and his relationship with Man. It is my understanding that Terah, Nahor and Abraham while living in Ur, came to reject the Mesopotamian notions because these urbanites despised and mocked their nomadic herdsman way of life in the edin steppelands.
I understand that the Hebrews' ancestors as "shepherds and tent-dwellers of edin the steppe" (Abraham wanders edin the steppe with sheep, goats and cattle from Ur to Haran, Damascus and Canaan) took the creation of man myths concocted by Mesopotamia's city-dwellers and recast them in order to refute, deny and challenge them. Why? The City-dwellers portrayed the edin steppelands as a place of desolation, fit only for wild animals, and tent-dwelling thieves, brigands and cut-throats. They despised and feared the nomadic tent-dwellers and regarded them as a threat to their way of life. In defense of their way of life (grazing their flocks in the edin steppelands) the Hebrews probably recast the city-dwellers' myths, having a place of desolation (Enkidu's watering hole) become a God's lush garden _in_ the edin, and having the world's first murderer, Cain, founding the first city thereby mocking city life as depraved, cities being full of murderers and thieves. God's heart's delight was not a city-garden it was the remote eden/edin where roamed the wild animals and naked man (Enkidu).
Bizarre Twist 4:
Eden's Serpent held responsible for conning man into eating forbidden fruit and thus causing man to be cursed with death is a "twist" or recast of gods associated with serpents, they bearing the Sumerian epithet ushumgal meaning "great serpent" or "dragon" such as Anu, Enlil, Enki, Dumuzi, and Inanna. Adapa was offered immortality by Anu, Dumuzi and Ningishzida presenting him the bread of life to eat, he refuses it because his lying god Ea (Enki) told him it was the bread of death and he would die if he ate of it. So deities associated with serpents via their epithets, offered man immortality and a deity (Ea/Enki) bearing a serpent epithet "great serpent" (ushumgal) conned man (Adapa) out of chance to obtain immortality.
The Tree of Knowledge (which also brought death to Adam) is a recast of the cedar or pine tree Inanna eats of (consuming pine nuts) to acquire knowledge (Inanna bore the Sumerian epithet nin edin, "lady of edin").
Dumuzi, a shepherd and a king once upon a time, then, dwelt in two edins: (1) the edin at Uruk and (2) the underworld edin. In myths, once a year he ascends (is resurrected) from the Underworld's edin to dwell for six months in the earthly edin at Uruk, being the "life-force" in the edin's plants: grasses, herbs, fruit-trees and grain. So, Dumuzi who bore the epithet ushumal, "great serpent" or "dragon" offered man (Adapa) immortality with the "food of life" and "water of life" but another ushumgal, Ea/Enki conned man (Adapa) into falsely believing it was the food of death and forbidden to him in order to deny man immortality because he did not want to lose man as his slave and have to toil in the edin's city-gardens for his own food and thus give up his eternal sabbath rest from earthly toil.
Enkidu dwells _naked_ in the edin, the uncultivated steppe with wild gazelles for companions. They are herbivores eating grass and he eats grass too, so they are of no danger to each other, just as Adam and his animal companions were herbivores and of no danger to each other.
Enkidu's name is composed of three Sumerian words: en ("lord"), ki ("earth"), and du ("good"), thus it can be translated to mean "the lord of the good earth." The Bible suggests that God has created the earth for man's benefit and he is to take dominion over it and over all of its beasts. In other words Adam is in a sense "the lord of the good earth" and all that dwells upon it. God in creating the earth, beasts and man each timne pronounces the created as "good." I thus understand Enkidu as a pre-biblical prototype of Adam, in his very name, anticipates Adam being portrayed as the "lord of the good earth."
The god Anu in heaven was willing to allow man (Adapa) to obtain immortality via the eating of the bread of life, but another god, Ea, denied man (Adapa) immortality by lying to him, telling him if he ate he would die for the food of life was really the food of death. The Hebrews have just recast the story, fusing two gods (Anu and Ea) into one (Yahweh), and Adapa becomes Adam, the bread of life and of death becomes a fruit from a tree.
She chooses him to be her surrogate in Hell allowing her to be resurrected from death and return in the flesh to the earth's surface and the edin (the uncultivated land about Uruk and its irrigated fields and gardens). Her bridegroom, the good shepherd, is seized by demons at her instigation under the great apple tree _in edin_ at his sheep stall and he becomes her unwilling surrogate in the Underworld effecting her release from death. His sister who also bore the Sumerian title nin edin "lady of edin" (Akkadian: Belet-seri) volunteers to be his surrogate for 6 months each year allowing his resurrection to the sheep stall in edin where he becomes the life-force in edin's plants. So three individuals associated with a location called edin all die, spend time in the underworld and all are resurrected back to life and return to edin: Inanna "the bride", Dumuzi "the bride groom" and Geshtianna (whose name means "heavenly vinestock"), presaging Christ "a heavenly vinestock" and "good shepherd," a "bridegroom" who is willing to be a surrogate in Hell for his "bride" the Church, offering his followers a resurrection from death and a life in an Edenic Paradise. I understand motifs associated with Adapa, Enkidu, Dumuzi, Inanna and Geshtianna were fused together and recast and assimilated to Adam and Eve and the Garden of Eden as well as Christ.Like Eve (another lady associated with a place called eden), the wife of Adam, Inanna/Ishtar, "the lady of edin," is responsible for her husband Dumuzi's (Tammuz) death, he being "the lord of edin."
She chooses him to be her surrogate in Hell allowing her to be resurrected from death and return in the flesh to the earth's surface and the edin (the uncultivated land about Uruk and its irrigated fields and gardens). Her bridegroom, the good shepherd, is seized by demons at her instigation under the great apple tree _in edin_ at his sheep stall and he becomes her unwilling surrogate in the Underworld effecting her release from death. His sister who also bore the Sumerian title nin edin "lady of edin" (Akkadian: Belet-seri) volunteers to be his surrogate for 6 months each year allowing his resurrection to the sheep stall in edin where he becomes the life-force in edin's plants. So three individuals associated with a location called edin all die, spend time in the underworld and all are resurrected back to life and return to edin: Inanna "the bride", Dumuzi "the bride groom" and Geshtianna (whose name means "heavenly vinestock"), presaging Christ "a heavenly vinestock" and "good shepherd," a "bridegroom" who is willing to be a surrogate in Hell for his "bride" the Church, offering his followers a resurrection from death and a life in an Edenic Paradise. I understand motifs associated with Adapa, Enkidu, Dumuzi, Inanna and Geshtianna were fused together and recast and assimilated to Adam and Eve and the Garden of Eden as well as Christ.
Dumuzi (Tammuz) although a human, in one myth is made into a Sakgal snake by the Sumerian sun-godhttps://www.shelterwoodforestfarm.com/blog/2019/11/10/the-fastest-growing-trees-in-the-northeast
So I am using Poplar (Aspen) and Willow - this year - as the main sources - along with Birch.
That link shows these are renewable trees - the fodder regrows quickly.
They fix nitrogen.
They also fix carbon.
The shiitake feeds off the trees - as a complete protein medicinal crop.
Alder also fixes nitrogen.
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