The amount of ascorbic acid that has been found to prevent scurvy is approxi- mately 10 mg. a day or somewhat less. The first information in this regard stems from the observations of Lind in 1753 who showed that scurvy could be prevented by a daily allowance of 25 to 30 ml.
human requirements for vitamin c and its use in clinical medicine
The Amazing All-Purpose Pine Needle Tea - Dave's Garden
Jan 26, 2014 - That means a cup of pine needles would yield more than 400 mg per cup of ... There is more to the tea than just vitamins A and C. Th
https://www.eatthismuch.com/food/nutrition/ketchup-packet,171769/
Vitamin C 1.8mg 4%
Oral vitamin C produces tissue and plasma concentrations that the body tightly controls. Approximately 70%–90% of vitamin C is absorbed at moderate intakes of 30–180 mg/day. However, at doses above 1 g/day, absorption falls to less than 50% and absorbed, unmetabolized ascorbic acid is excreted in the urine [4].Jul 9, 2019
Vitamin C — Health Professional Fact Sheet - Office of Dietary ...
so an orange has how much?
So an orange every few days should be enough to prevent scurvy...Filling this quota is incredibly easy. Just one orange has about 100 mg of vitamin C, which is 130 percent of that daily recommended intake. But oranges aren't the only source of this important nutrient.
fun fact: despite skiing so much all norwegian team gain weight and muscles during the expedition because unlike the British, they were well supplied
Instead of congratulations for Amundsen the British have a campaign that excuses Scott's incompetent leadership. They ignore that Scott planned to use 4 men and then took 5. He used inadequate clothing, man hauling. His crew were dead men walking when they reached the Pole. How can they blame the weather when they were so slow getting to the Pole and should have planned for bad weather. This is Antarctica not SOHO.
Except it didn't, the british press barked at Amundsen for years calling him 'cheater' and glorifying Scott for being 'gentleman' who used 'noble' animals instead of 'rabid' dogs trying to destroy Amundsen every way they could, which you'd knew if you ever paid attention in history class...
I think a lot of the criticism was of Scott's poor planning and execution for the expedition. He was ambitious but led his men into a bad situation that was much worse than it needed to be. Everything from the location that he built Scott Hut (windy and exposed), to its construction (poor insulation and design), to the choice of transport (ponies and man-sledging), to the equipment of gear and clothing (entirely inadequate), to the food prepared and cached- he did a terrible job at all of these. Amundsen even offered him the use of some of his sled dogs, but Scott refused out of pride. A decision that perhaps contributed to the death of himself and his men. I agree respect for the dead is due, and these men embarked on no small feat. But some of the criticism over Scott's poor planning and leadership is fair criticism.
1. Scurvy. There was no vitamin C in their diet. The only they got was the tiny amount from eating fresh meat. 2. The ponies and electrical sleds would never have worked out, even under the best of circumstances, for several reasons. Many of the ponies died horrible deaths, because they left the horses' snow shoes at base, for example. 3. They WALKED. The Amundsen team skied and saved so much energy and time. The britts refused, even though they had a Norwegian at their base strongly advising them to learn how. Scott also went against much of Nansen's advise. 4. Clothes. Their clothes started falling apart from overuse, which really didn't help when the temperatures dropped.. Amundsen brought extra seal skin coats he never got to use. Just in case. 5. The people waiting at the base could have sent a search team for them. But their "English pride" or whatever you want to call it, prevented them from doing so. 6. Heavy equipment. For some reason they couldn't navigate without really heavy equipment. Also other science equipment they should have ditched along the way, to save the team's lives. 7. Last minute change of plans: They decided to include one new team member last minute. Really didn't help with those food reserves. 8. Food. They didn't have enough of it. They didn't have enough calories. If there was one thing that killed Scott's team, it was slow starvation. He didn't make the right calculations of how much energy it takes to haul several pounds of food and equipment through snow and cold temperatures.
not a Captain Scott joke? I just watched "The Last Place on Earth" docudrama (full series on youtube) about the race to the south pole.
"The book put forth the point of view that Amundsen's success in reaching the South Pole was abetted by much superior planning, whereas errors by Scott (notably including the reliance on man-hauling instead of sled dogs) ultimately resulted in the death of him and his companions."
If you read Amundsen book you can prove it was good (almost obsessive) preparation vs very bad preparation and lack of experience by the english team. Amundsen goes in the book explaining that even the dogs pemmican has bits of dry fruit so they doesnt lack vitamins. he sends polar boots to be made agaim because soles are too hard and will generate blisters ( and possibly Gangrene) he makes a separated deck flooring on the shop so their dogs have better air circulation when passing equatorial seas and easier cleaning of their waste ... I can keep going but you can make an idea.
Admundsen learned to live from the cold by living with inuits for years. And most importantly. At extreme cold temperatures sledges no longer work, and it feels like pulling the sledges over sand. This is what destroyed Scotts team when the temperature dropped to -40 degrees. Admundsen got told the secret by inuits how to treat the sledges so that they would go smooth over the snow even in extreme temperatures. He also learned to eat seal meat to fight scurvy and how to build igloos in extreme cold. The more I learn about this the more I see how bad Scott's leadership and knowledge was. The British saw inuits as savages and would never consider them as worth their while.
some historians speculate that a couple of the men could have continued on to the supply depot, but they remained behind with Scott who was incapable of continuing. The "blizzard" that trapped them may not have actually happened and instead was a story to allow Scott to save face for not being able to leave the tent.
A current theory is that Scott's feet may have been too badly frostbitten to walk anymore, and the other two stayed with him out of loyalty. I also agree that the fact the Norwegians won would have demoralized them.yeah seriously crazy limey. Crazy Chimpanzees: rape and pillage as honorific scruvy missions. Mother Nature taking revenge! We need our fruit so we can see colors! Forest primates.
"But, more significantly, it adds up to the debunking of a British hero while, in the process, compiling an unflattering portrait of national arrogance."
oops. I still get the British versus English thing confused.
We also occasionally referred to the British team as English. In fact, some members of Scott's team were Scottish and Welsh.
Scotts team was not english. It was British. The majority of the team were from Scotland.
You do realise that much of the world uses "English" interchageably with "British" because they're the most stood-out+authoritative of the British.
Historically the term English would cover all British people. Well, that what I heard Stephen Fry say once.We're all related to Attila the Hun - Stephen Fry
can you call an Irish person a Limey?
"at the time, a quarter of the earth consisted of British subjects, he quotes Samuel Johnson on how empire seems to breed ''the insolence of wealth, the arrogance of power.'' Perhaps, he adds, it is time for the United States and the Soviet Union to learn a lesson the British never learned: ''Maybe we are not necessarily the chosen race.''
Their plan was for 4 men and taking 5 meant one man was pushed out of the tent. Their feet were frozen and they could not get their boots back on easily. Two men died before they got to within range of their depot. Their fuel cans leaked and were only partly full. Scott complained about this. The Norwegians used skiers who were world class athletes and dog sleds. to lead their team while Scott thought the indominable spirit and his Royal navy training would carry them.
What mattered was that the cooking for five men took half an hour longer each day than it would have taken for four men. That was the issue that caused them to loose half a mile daily - which amounted to about 30 miles for the Jan. 18 to March 19 time span.
I see most of Scott's mistakes as systemic, a result of Royal Navy groupthink. The manhauling, the ponies, the ill-suited clothing, all had been used in previous British expeditions and carried into this one. But Scott's worst mistake isn't mentioned at all in the video. It was deciding, atop the Glacier, to add a fifth member to his Polar party, despite having only planned rations for four. Once again, it can be argued it's a systemic error, because It was done ostensibly for protocol, in order to have a representative of every branch of the British Army at the pole. And so he picked Oates, who had been in charge of the ponies (which weren't even around anymore) and had no previous Polar experience or skill to help his team. Scott still would not have beat Amundsen, but he might have had the supplies needed to make it back to camp alive. Sadly, that must have weighed heavy on Oates' mind when he walked off into that blizzard, never to be seen again.
Great acting, the arrogance of the English at the time was incredible. Please read the book which this series is base on by Roland Huntford, it's pretty revealing.
According to Wikipedia's entry on Amundsen
"By Amundsen's own estimation, the doctor for the expedition [on RV Belgica in 1898], the American Frederick Cook, probably saved the crew from scurvy by hunting for animals and feeding the crew fresh meat. In cases where citrus fruits are lacking, fresh meat from animals that make their own vitamin C contains enough of the vitamin to prevent scurvy, and even partly treat it. This was an important lesson for Amundsen's future expeditions."https://www.bl.uk/collection-items/captain-scotts--diary
It's been 30 years since I read Huntford's book but as I recall, Scott's team wore woolen clothing with wind-proofed outerwear. I'm sorry I don't recall any more details. I mainly recall that Amundsen's team were pretty comfortable in their loose-fitting furs, which allowed air to circulate and sweat to evaporate, but Scott's team were constantly complaining about the cold.
Redeeming Scott? Mini-doc on the Last Place on Earth by VOX
Captain Scott diary entry:
"Friday, March 16 or Saturday 17.—Lost track of dates, but think the last correct. Tragedy all along the line. At lunch, the day before yesterday, poor Titus Oates said he couldn't go on; he proposed we should leave him in his sleeping-bag. That we could not do, and induced him to come on, on the afternoon march. In spite of its awful nature for him he struggled on and we made a few miles. At night he was worse and we knew the end had come. Should this be found I want these facts recorded. Oates' last thoughts were of his Mother, but immediately before he took pride in thinking that his regiment would be pleased with the bold way in which he met his death. We can testify to his bravery. He has borne intense suffering for weeks without complaint, and to the very last was able and willing to discuss outside subjects. He did not—would not—give up hope to the very end. He was a brave soul. This was the end. He slept through the night before last, hoping not to wake; but he woke in the morning—yesterday. It was blowing a blizzard. He said, 'I am just going outside and may be some time.' He went out into the blizzard and we have not seen him since. I take this opportunity of saying that we have stuck to our sick companions to the last. In case of Edgar Evans, when absolutely out of food and he lay insensible, the safety of the remainder seemed to demand his abandonment, but Providence mercifully removed him at this critical moment. He died a natural death, and we did not leave him till two hours after his death. We knew that poor Oates was walking to his death, but though we tried to dissuade him, we knew it was the act of a brave man and an English gentleman. We all hope to meet the end with a similar spirit, and assuredly the end is not far. I can only write at lunch and then only occasionally. The cold is intense, -40° at midday. My companions are unendingly cheerful, but we are all on the verge of serious frostbites, and though we constantly talk of fetching through I don't think anyone of us believes it in his heart."
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