The taVNS stimulates the afferent auricular branches of vagus nerve that project to solitary nucleus [2]. Neurons in solitary nucleus further project, mono- or multi-synaptically, to the limbic and the autonomic nervous system structures, including the pineal glandhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4210269/
two opposite magnetic electrodes (+/−) were placed over the right side auricular concha region, inside and outside respectively so that electronic current can conduct through the tissue, including the vagus nerve fibers.
Auricular margin were used as sham acupoint (ZDF-Sham, n = 4).
taVNS session may trigger an acute melatonin increase. The taVNS triggered acute and tidal melatonin secretion exists in pineal intact (Fig. 2A) and pinealectomized ZDF rats (Fig. 2B), indicating that taVNS triggers melatonin secretion from extrapineal sources.
Beside the pineal gland, melatonin is also secreted from retina, digestive tract, born marrow, skin, kidneys, ovaries, testis, circulating leukocytes, and many other sources [28]. It should be noted that, these extrapineal melatonin sources not only have a huge total volume, some of them are also rich in melatonin, for example, the melatonin pool of gastrointestinal tract [29] and bone marrow [30]. The concentration of melatonin in both pools surpasses blood melatonin levels by 2 to 3 orders of magnitude and the gastrointestinal tract alone contains over 400× more melatonin than in the pineal gland [29]. A critical factor beneficial for the acupuncture to functionally release melatonin from these extrapineal sources is that they are innervated by vegetative nervous system and the release of melatonin therefrom is out of the photoperiodical regulation [29], [30].
So this corroborates my claim that the lower body melatonin is being increased throughout the body through vagus nerve stimulation!!
These findings show that protective effects of melatonin are probably mediated through vagus nerve. Also, interaction between melatonin and vagus stimulation is suggested since these show a synergic effect in relation with anti-oxidant factors.Similar study shows corroboration
Now the study I cited - happened to be on the Acupoint of the Auricular vagus nerve (inner ear) activation - connection to the pineal gland - but reading further - the study discovered something very fascinating! It did discover the SOLUTION.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4210269/
So these are Chinese scientists....
acupuncture works through the modulation of extrapineal melatonin secretion. Beside the pineal gland, melatonin is also secreted from retina, digestive tract, born marrow, skin, kidneys, ovaries, testis, circulating leukocytes, and many other sources [28]. It should be noted that, these extrapineal melatonin sources not only have a huge total volume, some of them are also rich in melatonin, for example, the melatonin pool of gastrointestinal tract [29] and bone marrow [30]. The concentration of melatonin in both pools surpasses blood melatonin levels by 2 to 3 orders of magnitude and the gastrointestinal tract alone contains over 400× more melatonin than in the pineal gland [29]. A critical factor beneficial for the acupuncture to functionally release melatonin from these extrapineal sources is that they are innervated by vegetative nervous system and the release of melatonin therefrom is out of the photoperiodical regulation [29], [30].
And so my "solution" - is now corroborated by science!!
OK Now we have to go back to my pdf Idiot's Guide - but before doing so - we go to a 2018 study...
http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/23/2/301/html
O.K. so what this article details is that the Pineal Gland is also the 2nd highest "filter" of blood - after the kidney. And so it was proposed that the melatonin is created from the blood and then turned into the CSF (cerbrospinal fluid) melatonin....But now it is realized that actually the melatonin in the CSF is NOT from the blood....
It was hypothesized that pineal gland may function like the kidney as a blood filter to generate CSF; ....Anatomically, a portion of pineal gland is nakedly-exposed into the CSF of the third ventricle (bathed by the CSF) [128] and many canaliculi of the pineal gland directly open into the CSF of third ventricle [129,130,131,132]. Pineal melatonin via these canaliculi is directly discharge into the CSF. This results in extremely high melatonin level in the CSF of pineal recess of third ventricle. In the sheep, the melatonin levels in the CSF of pineal recess of third ventricle are several orders of magnitude higher than those in the blood [133,134]. A melatonin concentration gradient in the CSF around the pineal recess of third ventricle was observed [135]. This indicated that the main source of CSF melatonin originated from the pineal recess of the third ventricle. The high melatonin levels in CSF have been reported in different species [136]. It is obvious that there are, at least, two parallel melatonin secretory routes, i.e., the general circulation and the CSF (Figure 3)....However, it is known that the CSF melatonin is not from the blood but it is directly derived from the pineal gland...food-derived melatonin may have the chronobiological effects.
So Western science is still not sure - what the connection is between blood melatonin (from the gut) and pineal gland produced melatonin ... but we NOW know that acupuncture increases the blood melatonin - and it does not originate from the pineal gland. And so by increasing vagus nerve activation, we increase blood melatonin - which then is CONVERTED to CSF melatonin....
Now Western science considers this a possibility - but if we turn to a qigong study we find corroboration for this possibility.
http://yang-sheng.com/?p=3829Ma (6) and Xia et al. (7) discovered that in the CNS, 5-HTP [serotonin] increased, dopamine decreased, and the metabolism of norepinephrine fell by 60%. It was also reported that frequent Qigong practice rendered the production and excretion rate of 5-HTP two to three times higher than the normal….After Qigong exercise, the blood levels of serotonin (5-HT) decreased,
So where does that serotonin go if it leaves the blood? Into the cerebrospinal fluid via the pineal gland! How do we know this?
To study the effects of Brain Wave Vibration on serotonin production, Prof. [Arita] Hideo had a group of people practice Brain Wave Vibration for 15 minutes on three separate occasions. He found that the group had an average serotonin level of 186 [nanograms per milliliter] before the training. Immediately after experiencing Brain Wave Vibration, the subjects’ levels increased to an average of 210. These effects were shown to remain relatively stable, as the average serotonin level one hour after training averaged 200.
__The study also showed an increase in alpha wave production, the brain-wave state associated with waking relaxation and greater blood flow in the brain, especially in the prefrontal cortex.
And what does the pineal gland do? It converts serotonin into melatonin. But the gut has a huge amount of melatonin dierectly.
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