Sunday, January 18, 2026

10,000 year old to 5000 year old Early to middle Archaic stone tools of Minnesota

 I received an archaic stone tool (a chopper or scraper) from Minnesota.... as a birthday gift. Thanks!

 Early Archaic chipped stone technologies..., dating from the earliest
Early Archaic beginning in roughly 10,500 B.P., and they are a common tool category in subsequent Early Archaic sites ....Throughout prehistory, Minnesota
was a melting pot of people and ideas derived from the Northern Plains to the north and west, the Great Lakes to the east, and the Mississippi River Valley to the south and east. This resulted in geographically and temporally complex patterns of prehistoric cultures across the state.

https://mn.gov/admin/assets/stone-tools-of-minnesota-part1_tcm36-247478.pdf 

https://mn.gov/admin/assets/MN%20Archaic%20Final-web_tcm36-334428.pdf 

 T HE CURRENTLY K NOWN A RCHAIC R ECORD IN MINNESOTA
In the State Archaeologist’s database as of May 22, 2017, there are 709 sites listed as having a possible (Tradition = A-
2) or probable (Tradition = A-1) Archaic component. This represents about 6 percent of all sites with a prehistoric
component. Of these sites, only 353 (50 percent) are listed as having a probable or confirmed Archaic component. Of
the probable or confirmed Archaic sites, only 126 appear to be single-component.
The majority of the possible and probable Archaic sites are classified as either Artifact Scatters (384) or Lithic Scatters
(239). Only 56 of all the Artifact Scatters are single-component Archaic sites, so most of the Artifact Scatters are
multicomponent, most likely also yielding prehistoric ceramics. Almost all of the 56 single-component Artifact Scatters
should probably be classified as Lithic Scatters as they have only yielded stone tools or the remains of stone tool
manufacture. There are also 80 Single Artifact Archaic sites, of which 22 are stone projectile point finds, at least 5 are
groundstone tool finds, and 47 are copper tool finds.
Of the single-component Archaic sites, only 7 have been excavated: 21CO2, 21DK41, 21LE15, 21PO3, 21WA93,
21WN15, and 21YM47. The total number of excavated sites with a probable Archaic component is 83. Of the
excavated, single-component Archaic sites, only three (21CR155, 21YM47, 21WN15) have radiocarbon dates that are
of Archaic age. Most of the sites with Archaic-age radiocarbon dates have yielded very few diagnostics in direct
association with the dated material. Notable exceptions include Itasca Bison (21CE1), La Moille Rockshelter
(21WN1), Canning (21NR9), Granite Falls Bison (21YM47), King Coulee (21WB56), Sandy Lake Dam (21AK11),
and 21CR155.
A total of 85 sites listed as Archaic have yielded copper, although the presence of copper does not make a site Archaic;
copper was also used by some Woodland and Late Prehistoric peoples. Assignment by projectile point type is also
problematic as few Archaic sites in Minnesota have projectile points in association with radiocarbon dates and there
are many basic projectile point forms (e.g., small side-notched) that are found in complexes associated with both
Archaic and Woodland cultures. Over 200 sites listed in the OSA database have yielded copper. Most of these are in
the northern two-thirds of the state, especially the northeast, northwest, and headwaters lakes area (Figure 6).

 The dates suggest two primary Archaic occupation periods, one at about 8700 BP and the other at about 7300 BP.

Dalton groups are classified as late PaleoIndian or Early Archaic societies that date to 10,500–10,000 B.P. (Goodyear, 1982), or 12,000–11,500 cal. B.P. (Roberts, 2014, Thurman, 2017). We view Dalton as an Early Archaic horizon that marks the extent of the new human niche that once established, set the stage for later Archaic and Woodland adaptations.
In the North American midcontinent, the transition from Late Pleistocene to Early Holocene climates and landscapes was abrupt and of great magnitude (Amundson and Wright, 1979, Anderson, 2001, Gill et al., 2009, Peros et al., 2008, Pinter et al., 2011). Accordingly, it is important to understand how foragers adjusted to dramatic changes in landforms, hydrology, climate, flora, and fauna during this transition (Bousman and Vierra, 2012).

 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0278416517301988

 

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