Thursday, June 26, 2025

Cryo-Electron of HIV virus

 https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(24)01421-1?dgcid=raven_jbs_aip_email


  Here, we combined super-resolution and correlative microscopy with cryoelectron tomography and molecular simulations to study the nuclear entry of HIV-1 capsids in primary human macrophages.

 https://www.nature.com/articles/nature12162


 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35123651/

HIV-1 Env mediates viral entry into host cells and is the sole target for neutralizing antibodies. However, Env structure and organization in its native virion context has eluded detailed characterization. Here, we used cryo-electron tomography to analyze Env in mature and immature HIV-1 particles. Immature particles showed distinct Env positioning relative to the underlying Gag lattice, providing insights into long-standing questions about Env incorporation. A 9.1-Å sub-tomogram-averaged reconstruction of virion-bound Env in conjunction with structural mass spectrometry revealed unexpected features, including a variable central core of the gp41 subunit, heterogeneous glycosylation between protomers, and a flexible stalk that allows Env tilting and variable exposure of neutralizing epitopes. Together, our results provide an integrative understanding of HIV assembly and structural variation in Env antigen presentation. 

video 

Keywords: Gag-Env interaction; HIV Env glycoprotein; HIV assembly; broadly neutralizing antibody; cryo-electron microscopy; cryo-electron tomography; hydrogen/deuterium-exchange mass spectrometry; sub-tomogram averaging; vaccine design; virus structure.

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