The study on lean subjects also suggests that fat rather than ketone bodies is the dominant fuel for muscle during short-term starvation [76]. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9505561/
short-term fasting is beneficial for the regeneration of multiple tissue types [79,80]. While ketosis provoked by fasting or a ketogenic diet led to a deep quiescent state of the MuSCs, slowing muscle regeneration [72], these MuSCs demonstrated increased survival and enhanced resilience to nutrient, cytotoxic, and proliferative stress. The mechanism of this effect can be due to β-hydroxybutyrate functions as an HDAC inhibitor in MuSCs, leading to acetylation and activation of an HDAC1 target protein p53. This MuSCs state, as it has been shown, is dependent on p53 activation [72]. A study on mice showed an impairment of regeneration after BaCl2 injury persisted up to 3 days following a refeeding after 2.5 days of starvation [72].
Muscle stem cells (MuSCs) isolated from 3-week KD-fed mice demonstrate a deep quiescent (DQ) state.
Although many studies demonstrate beneficial effects of KD and fasting on skeletal or cardiac muscle, these diets should be used carefully because there are data suggesting that such nutritional manipulations can have negative, including long-term, consequences.
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