Subject: Re: Please comment on Raymond Chiao's superluminal signal paper
To: Günter Nimtz <g.nimtz@uni-koeln.de>
-------- Weitergeleitete Nachricht --------
Betreff: | Re: Please comment on Raymond Chiao's superluminal signal paper |
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Datum: | Sun, 6 Aug 2023 13:47:50 +0200 |
Von: | Günter Nimtz <g.nimtz@uni-koeln.de> |
An: | Günter Nimtz <g.nimtz@uni-koeln.de> |
Hello Drew Hempel:
We are used to this behaviour of Chiao and Steinberg: not to cite our papers. Here, you shall find all the explained superluminal effects.
Sincerely, Günter Nimtz
tutorial on Sommerfeld’s phase, group, and front
velocities for wave motion in a medium, with
applications to the “instantaneous
superluminality” of electrons
a superluminal signal velocity violates the relativistic causality, often called Einstein
causality: no signal can propagate with a velocity greater than c. ...The tunneling time is of the order of the reciprocal frequency of the wave
packet [13,15]. This time is spent at the entrance boundary as will be shown in
Sect. 6. From an experimental point of view the transit time for a wave packet
propagating through a barrier is measured as the interval between the arrivals
of the signal envelope at the two ends of that region.
An example of evanescent digital signals transmitted with microwaves is dis-
played in Fig. 1. The half width (the time duration at half the maximum inten-
sity) represents the number of digits....
Here k0 is the wave number and λ0 the wavelength of waves in vacuum which
are related k0 = 2π/λ0. Furthermore, n(ω) = n′(ω) − in′′(ω) is the refractive
index n we are familiar with from Snellius’ law. The quantities n′ and n′′ real
and imaginary parts of the refractive index of the medium in question. Both
quantities, k and n are in general complex functions of frequency.
citing https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/3-540-34523-x_19
sent to me via email!
the square number of the imaginary refractive index
n′′2 corresponds to a negative effective potential E − U in the Schr¨odinger equa-
tion.
virtual photons
are those modes which do not satisfy the Einstein relation W 2 = (ℏk)2c2.
In all superluminal experiments,
the signal length is long compared with the measured negative time shift.
these superluminal
pulses contain only evanescent frequency components.
Several tunneling experiments have revealed superluminal signal velocity in
tunneling photonic barriers [5]
A shorter signal with the same
information content would have an equivalently broader frequency bandwidth,
compare (55)
The tunneling time is short and arises at the
barrier front as scattering time. This time equals approximately the recipro-
cal frequency of the carrier frequency or of the wave packet energy divided by
the Planck constant h [13, 15]. Inside a barrier the wave packet does spent zero
time [5, 30]. This property results in superluminal signal and energy velocities,
as a signal is detected by its energy, i.e. by photons or other field quanta like
phonons. The detector receives the tunneled signal earlier than the signal, which
traveled the same distance in vacuum as demonstrated in Figs. 1, 9, 12. Evanes-
cent fields like tunneling particles are not observable [22, 23, 25, 42–44].
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