I didn't realize how big this thing is!! https://usa.sun-mar.com/
| Height: | 31 1/2″ | |
| Width: | 22 1/2″ | |
| Length: | 33″ |
103.7144104 GALLONS
So this looks to be the best option - since I can have it contained for heat internally more easily....
Residential/Continuous 2 adults or families of 3
https://usa.sun-mar.com/product/excel-ne-self-contained-compostingtoilets/
OK this is a lot less than the other bigger models or importing the M100!!
So I think this is very doable!!
rotate the drum every other day that the unit is in use, and add bulking material at the rate of one (1) cupful per person per day of use.
When it comes time to remove compost, you are never dealing with fresh waste; when the drum is 1/2 to 2/3 full, you release the drum locker and rotate the drum in reverse for one (1) revolution*. This will drop compost into the finishing drawer where it will be isolated from new material.
Every Three Months (for me this will be once a year!)
Rake the evaporation chamber: Remove the finishing drawer. Rake any solid debris from the floor of the toilet under the drawer (evaporation chamber), paying extra attention to the two back corners of the toilet as this is where debris may accumulate. Remove and dispose of the solid debris.
And I think this product is even stocked locally! So no shipping cost!
Find in Aisle R13 and it's on sale so $1500
Fan causes the evaporation rate to increase - vid review
https://usa.sun-mar.com/centrex-2000-ne/
This one is 231 gallons! Much better capacity...
89.7662 gallons
Hill founded Toilet Tech Solutions after completing his PhD at UBC in waste management and studying composting toilets at public parks in B.C., Alberta and the U.S.
He says he found samples of feces in solid piles that remained intact for years, and he claims the byproducts of the composting process often don't meet regulatory standards that would allow them to be used as fertilizer.
As a result, he says, parks are going to extraordinary lengths to remove waste from composting toilets.
"People are shoveling it into barrels and carrying the barrels out, in Yosemite they use llamas, in helicopters," he says. "And the funny thing is that now they're moving so much more volume material at the end because it's all been bulked up with wood shavings."
Hill believes one of the problems is that liquid and solid waste are not separated at source. As a result of mixing the two before the urine is screened out, he says ammonia in the feces rises to levels that cannot support the micro-organisms needed for the composting process.
Common sustainability framework
https://septic.umn.edu/manual-professional
citing the Consortium of Institutes for Decentralized Wastewater Treatment https://cidwt.org/Glossary2009.pdf
This publication was produced by the University of Minnesota Water Resources Center’s Onsite Sewage Treatment Program team.
Water Resources Center
University of Minnesota
1985 Buford Avenue
173 McNeal Hall
St. Paul, MN 55108
(800) 322-8642
Contributors
• Authors: Onsite Sewage Treatment Program Staff (present and former) - Dave Gustafson, Nick Haig, Sara Heger, Dan Wheeler & Jessica Wittwer
• Project Management: Elizabeth Wells, Onsite Sewage Treatment Program, Nicholas Haig •
SECTION 7: Septic Tanks ■ 7-61
Non-flush toilets
From MN Rules Chapter 7080.1100, Subp. 86, a toilet waste treatment devices is a toilet waste apparatuses including incinerating, composting, biological, chemical, recirculating, or holding toilets or portable restrooms.
For primitive dwellings using toilet waste treatment devices in low dwelling den-
sity areas, septage disposal from these devices by the owner must be in accordance with local ordinances. If no ordinance exists, the septage must not be discharged to surface waters, drainageways, steeply sloping areas, or wet areas in a manner or volume that is harmful to the environment or public health or that creates a nuisance. The material must be buried or covered with soil.
Lazarova, Z.; Spendlingwimmer, R. Treatment of yellow water by membrane separations and advanced oxidation methods. Water Sci. Technol. 2008, 58, 419–426.
By storing before usage, the urine will be sanitised and approved for use as a fertiliser (Höglund, 2001).
Institutionen för lantbruksteknik Rapport 244
Report 244
Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala 2001
Department of Agricultural Engineering ISSN 00283-0086
ISRN SLU-LT-R-244-SE
Faecal separation and urine diversion for nutrient
management of household biodegradable waste and
wastewater
Höglund, C., Vinnerås, B., Stenström, T.A. & Jönsson, H. (2000). Variation of chemical
and microbial parameters in collection and storage tanks for source separated human
urine. Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part A: Environmental Science and
Engineering. 35:1463-1475
Caroline Höglund
19
Höglund, C. 2001. Evaluation of Microbial Health Risks Associated with the Reuse of
Source-Separated Human Urine. PhD thesis. KTH, Stockholm.
Septage also includes solids and liquids that are removed
from portable, incinerating, composting, holding, or other toilets. Waste from Type III
marine sanitation devices, as defined in Code of Federal Regulations, title 33, section
159.3, and material that has come into contact with untreated sewage within the past
12 months is also considered septage.
As part of the urine diversion scenario, yellow water was assumed to be treated through a combination of two technologies. First, we assumed that the urea in the urine will be allowed to hydrolyze, resulting in the production of ammonia and bicarbonate. As a result of the pH increase associated with this process, the precipitation of struvite and other minerals (e.g., Mg, Ca, K, and Na salts; Maurer et al., 2006) occurs,
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0043135422003645
https://www3.epa.gov/npdes/pubs/septage.pdf
Preferable to "dewater septage before composting"
https://elixirfield.blogspot.com/2021/03/the-urine-diverting-vermicomposting.html
urine diverting vermicomposting toilets (UDVTs)
Eisenia fetida is the preferred species for facilitating decomposition of human
waste in urine diverting toilet systems as they facilitate rapid decomposition, there are an abundance of other detritivores that can effectively serve the same function in the setting of a UDVT.
Hill, G.B., and Baldwin, S.A. "Vermicomposting Toilets, an Alternative to Latrine Style Microbial
Composting Toilets, Prove Far Superior in Mass Reduction, Pathogen Destruction,
Compost Quality, and Operational Cost." Waste Management 10 (2012): 1811-1820.
Hill, Geoff B., Cecilia Lalander, and Susan A. Baldwin. "The Effectiveness and Safety of Vermi-
Versus Conventional Composting of Human Feces with Ascaris Suum Ova as Model
Helminthic Parasites." Journal of Sustainable Development 6.4 (2013a): 1-10.
Hill, Geoffrey B. Personal Interview. 10 Mar. 2016.
Hill, Geoffrey B., Baldwin, Susan A., and Vinnerås, Björn. "Composting toilets a misnomer:
Excessive ammonia from urine inhibits microbial activity yet is insufficient in sanitizing
the end-product." Journal of Environmental Management 119 (2013b): 29-35.
The Effectiveness and Safety of Vermi- Versus Conventional Composting of Human Feces with Ascaris suum Ova as Model Helminthic Parasites
- Geoff Hill
- Cecilia Lalander
- Susan Baldwin
Abstract
Composting toilets have been promoted for management of human waste at remote sites in parks and alpine areas of recreation, but they may not be effective for producing a stable and safe end product. Vermicomposting has been shown to result in a more degraded final product but its effectiveness for pathogen destruction was unclear due to conflicting information in the literature. This study sought to resolve the debate on whether or not vermicomposting could produce a hygenic end product that would be safe for disposal locally. Vermicomposting was tested for destruction of the model pathogens, helminthic parasites, in an experiment with highly concentrated and viable Ascaris suum (2626±1306 ova/g, 61.6±8.7% viable) inoculated into fecal matter and coir (30:70 ratio) with and without Eisenia fetida worms. After 90 days at 19±3 ºC six, eight, and 12 worms were found alive with no significant difference between treatments or through time found in TS% (12-15%), ova concentration and ova viability. A 100 times reduction in the concentration of Escherichia coli resulted from the worm treatment versus the control. Significantly higher nitrate (22 735±4 741 mg/kg NO3-) and lower pH (pH 4.60±0.01) were found in the treatment as compared to the control (5 078±2 167 mg/kg NO3-) (pH 6.56±0.30). Despite these improvements in fecal matter processing, vermicomposting was found ineffective at reducing Ascaris suum ova concentration and viability. Decentralized vermicomposting can efficiently stabilize and mature fecal matter; however prior to unrestricted end product use, an additional sanitation step is necessary.
https://projects.sare.org/wp-content/uploads/982665solvita-compost-test-manual.pdf
Performance was dramatically improved with urine diversion, elimination of
bulking agent, and optimization for vermicomposting.
https://www.popsci.com/composting-toilets-worms/
After at least two more years, that sealed bin is considered composted and the contents resemble soil.
Inspired by urine-separating, vermicomposting (worm composting) toilets he saw in European backcountry areas like the Alps
http://www.vermicompostingtoilets.net/quinta-do-vale/
No comments:
Post a Comment