Kevin O'Regan of Rene Descartes University in Paris explains our lack of sensitivity to changes of this sort by suggesting that we treat the world as an external memory, which we sample as needed, depending on the task and the context. When you think about it, it makes economical sense to concentrate on processing only the relevant bits of a visual scene.
https://www.irishtimes.com/news/a-possible-answer-to-noam-chomsky-1.158869
Surprisingly, P&O report that, unlike most colors, focal examples of the four Hering primaries (red, green, blue, and yellow) are “singularities”: i.e., one or two of their three coordinates in the particular bases P&O employ are approximately zero.They contend that this unexpected result accounts for data from psychophysical studies and the World Color Survey (WCS).
Reply to Philipona and O'Regan
in Visual Neuroscience 25(2):221-4 · March 2008https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.329.3717&rep=rep1&type=pdf
The particular stability of the light reflected off focal color surfaces under different illuminants, as expressed by their singularity, may explain why the focal red, yellow, green, and blue are chosen as special color prototypes across languages and why these colors act as unique hues in color appearance. In this case, color language and the subjective experience of color would be shaped by the observers' interaction with the visual environment, as suggested by the sensorimotor theory of visual experience (O'Regan, 2011; O'Regan & Noe, 2001a, 2001b; Philipona & O'Regan, 2006).
In contrast, P&O’s eigenanalysis is carried out directly on the matrices of interest, which will in general not be symmetric. In fact, P&O report real eigenvalues for only 88% of their matrices (p.334), so that 12% of them have complex eigenvalues. But it is a theorem that all the eigenvalues of a real symmetric matrix are themselves real. More generally, we should expect this lack of symmetry.
As P&O themselves note (p.333), there could be more than three relevant illuminant spectra. This would mean that the matrices would not be square, and hence not symmetric
http://www.mindstuff.net/ColorConstancyReconsidered_WTW.pdf
his research lab:
The survey showed that there are two colors that are all-out favorites: red and yellow.
http://nivea.psycho.univ-paris5.fr/FeelingSupplements/SensorimotorApproachToColor.htm
It turns out that instead of using the physicistsÕ reflectance function, from the biological viewpoint of our human photoreceptors, the chromatic "behavior" of any surface can be accurately characterized by nine numbers. The nine numbers define a 3x3 matrix R that allows you to calculate, for any light source, how the surface will affect the responses of the three human photoreceptor types.
Some of the matrices are what's called "singular". This means that instead of behaving normally, these matrices have a special behavior. Normally a 3 x 3 matrix R takes a vector in the three-dimensional space of L,M, S values into the three-dimensional space of l,m,s values. But if R is a singular matrix, it takes a vector in the three-dimensional space of L,M,S values into a two-dimensional or a one-dimensional subspace of the three dimensional space of l,m,s values.
http://www.jvazquez-corral.net/camera_ready.pdf
The sensory singularity of these surfaces suggests that the way the reflected signal from these surfaces changes across illuminations is more predictable, in the sense that it varies along fewer dimensions.
Another way of thinking about singularities is to realize that the way singular surfaces affect incoming light can be described by only one or two parameters instead of the three parameters (the three eigenvalues) that would be necessary for most surfaces. Seen from this point of view, we can then understand that achromatic surfaces should also be considered special: The way they affect incoming light can be described by a single parameter—namely, the surface lightness. The LMS value of the incoming light is multiplied by the lightness to obtain the LMS value of the light reflected off the surface.Consequently, the LMS signal of surfaces with those colors (red, yellow, green, blue, and achromatic colors) might be more reliable across illuminations, and they may act as points of reference, or perceptual anchors, for the identification of colors across illumination changes. This might explain why these colors are associated with a particular subjective experience and why the color categories used in communication organize around these particular color sensations.
For this reason, they defined a singularity index as the maximum of the two eigenvalue ratios.
http://www.ex-tempore.org/means/means.htm
The arithmetic mean is appropriate if the values have the same units, whereas the geometric mean is appropriate if the values have differing units. The harmonic mean is appropriate if the data values are ratios of two variables with different measures, called rates.
GM(squared)=AM x HM
http://nivea.psycho.univ-paris5.fr/
Why things feel the way they do: the sensorimotor approach to understanding phenomenal consciousness, J. Kevin O’Regan (Laboratoire Psychologie de la Perception, Université Paris Descartes, France)
https://www.dropbox.com/s/dcv0mqvydg0a9kr/OReganWhyRedDraft.pdf?dl=0
Why Red Doesn't Sound Like a Bell: Understanding the Feel of Consciousness
Oxford University Press, USA, Jun 24, 2011
This book proposes a novel view to explain how we as humans -- contrary to current robots -- can have the impression of consciously feeling things: for example the red of a sunset, the smell of a rose, the sound of a symphony, or a pain. The book starts off by looking at visual perception. Our ability to see turns out to be much more mysterious than one might think. The eye contains many defects which should seriously interfere with vision. Yet we have the impression of seeing the world in glorious panavision and technicolor. Explaining how this can be the case leads to a new idea about what seeing really is. Seeing is not passively receiving information in the brain, but rather a way of interacting with the world. The role of the brain is not to create visual sensation, but to enable the necessary interactions with the world. This new approach to seeing is extended in the second part of the book to encompass the other senses: hearing, touch, taste and smell. Taking sensory experiences to be modes of interacting with the world explains why these experiences are different in the way they are. It also explains why thoughts or automatic functions in the body, and indeed the vast majority brain functions, are not accompanied by any real feeling. The "sensorimotor" approach is not simply a philosophical argument: It leads to scientifically verifiable predictions and new research directions. Among these are the phenomena of change blindness, sensory substitution, "looked but failed to see", as well as results on color naming and color perception and the localisation of touch on the body. The approach is relevant to the question of what animals and babies can feel, and to understanding what will be necessary for robots to become conscious.
https://news.wisc.edu/a-taste-of-vision-device-translates-from-camera-to-brain-via-the-tongue/
Brainport is selling!!
https://www.wicab.com/brainport-balance-plus
https://patents.justia.com/patent/10589087
In Section 3, we state and prove that the singularities of a matrix-valued noncommutative rational
function which is regular at zero coincide with the singularities of the resolvent in its minimal state
space realization for a large class of realization formulae. This is in particular of crucialimportance in the applications of the noncommutative realization theory to LMIs.1We also use this result, via a noncommutative lifting, to establish the following commutative theorem: for a matrix-valued commutative rational function which is regular at zero, any of its Fornasini–Marchesini realizations (see [25,26]) with the minimal possible state space dimension has the singularities of the resolvent coinciding with the singularities of the function.
https://arxiv.org/abs/1906.08272
the algebraic technique of non-commutative crepant resolutions, involving matrix factorizations, has been developed to associate a quiver to a singularity. In this paper, we put together these ideas to produce new AdS5 /CFT4 duals, with special emphasis on non-toric singularities.
https://phys.org/news/2017-01-reveals-substantial-evidence-holographic-universe.html
"Imagine that everything you see, feel and hear in three dimensions (and your perception of time) in fact emanates from a flat two-dimensional field. The idea is similar to that of ordinary holograms where a three-dimensional image is encoded in a two-dimensional surface, such as in the hologram on a credit card. However, this time, the entire universe is encoded."
https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/438709/
holographic universe lecture vid
https://journals.aps.org/prd/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevD.101.021901
we formulate a noncommutative arithmetic-geometric mean inequality
http://proceedings.mlr.press/v23/recht12/recht12.pdf
Beneath the valley of the noncommutative arithmetic-geometric mean inequality: conjectures, case-studies, and consequences
Benjamin Recht and Christopher R ́eComputer Sciences Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison1210 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706
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