The heart is called Yi [unified power] becuz when intent moves, spirit is agitated; qi is dispersed. Qi is the Mother of spirit; Spirit is the child of qi. The Mother as qi is the horse that guides/conducts the river chariot (yin spirit) in the water (yin jing). Once your mind is away from the lower Elixir Field, your Qi will be led away from it and be consumed. By gathering the Shen into the lower tan tien then the Qi follows it there. Light of eyes descend as Yang fire inner yin qi line
Sunday, March 31, 2024
Saturday, March 30, 2024
Nonlocality proven by tuning the phase of an undetected noncommutative fourth photon
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-023-37228-y#citeas
This is nonlocality, the basis of the Nobel Prize in 2022. I recommend Professor Tim Maudlin's recent youtube talk on Bell's nonlocality experiment to understand this. "This second-order interference of the entangled state can not be explained by local hidden variable theory and is considered non-local. In this setting, any mutual influence between the two observations is excluded under strict Einstein locality conditions7. This phenomenon, predicted by quantum physics, cannot be accounted for by any local theory and represents one of the most profound foundational insights in physics8." So if you realize that nonlocality arises from noncommutativity then entanglement is not first required. "In almost all scenarios in which non-local interference is observed, entanglement—or more generally some form of quantum correlation—is the basic ingredient. In this work, we show that this is not necessarily the case, and demonstrate multiphoton non-local quantum interference, which does not need entanglement....Then we go beyond and demonstrate a surprising physical property: We observe non-local quantum interference that does not require quantum entanglement. Specifically, we tune the phase of a photon that we never detect, and observe interference with the rest photons....However, here no quantum entanglement between any properties of the photons exists, but one can observe interference with the mere existence of a multi-photon state. It arrives from a coherent superposition of the origin of the multi-photon state.....In this case, we can detect and observe three-photon interference by tuning the phase of the fourth photon, which is undetected. This finding shows the effect that one has non-local quantum interference that does not require entangled states....This effect occurs not because of a superposition of the photons’ external properties, such as path, polarization, and so on. Instead, it happens because of a fundamental unknowability where the photons have been generated. This underlying principle allows us to show how we can manipulate the interference of three photons by introducing a phase in the fourth photon that we never detect....We tune the phase of a photon that we never detect, and observe interference of the rest photons. Multiphoton interference appears when the coincidence measurements of only partial interfering photons are performed....Our experiment thereby demonstrates in a direct way how the lack of knowledge about a quantum system can lead to multiphoton non-local quantum interference, a feature that cannot solely be described by entanglement.....Qian, K., Wang, K., Chen, L. et al. Multiphoton non-local quantum interference controlled by an undetected photon. Nat Commun 14, 1480 (2023).
Friday, March 29, 2024
Photosynthetic Mycelium: Symbiosis of Algae and Fungi is how Life spread onto land!? (or not!) Best Biofuel?
But until now, we have not seen evidence of fungi internalizing living algae," said Zhi-Yan Du, study co-author and member of the labs of Christoph Benning, and Gregory Bonito.
Researchers selected a strain of soil fungus and marine alga from old lineages, respectively Mortierella elongata and Nannochloropsis oceanica.
When grown together, both organisms form a strong relationship.
"Microscopy images show the algal cells aggregating around and attaching to fungal cells," Du said. "The algal wall is slightly broken down, and its fibrous extensions appear to grab the surface of the fungus."
Surprisingly, when they are grown together for a long time -- around a month -- some algal cells enter the fungal cells. Both organisms remain active and healthy in this relationship.
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/07/190723163943.htm
This is the first time scientists have seen fungi internalize a eukaryotic, photosynthetic organism. They call it a photosynthetic mycelium.
"Even better, when nutrients are scarce, algal and fungal cells grown together fend off starvation by feeding each other. They do better than when they are grown separately," explained Du.
Perhaps this increased hardiness explains how algae survived the trek onto land.
"In nature, similar symbiotic events might be going on, more than we realize," Du said. "We now have a system to study how a photosynthetic organism can live inside a non-photosynthetic one and how this symbiosis evolves and functions."
Both organisms are biotech related strains because they produce high amounts of oil. Du is testing them as a platform to produce high-value compounds, such as biofuels or Omega 3 fatty acids.
"Because the two organisms are more resilient together, they might better survive the stresses of bioproduction," Du said. "We could also lower the cost of harvesting algae, which is a large reason biofuel costs are still prohibitive."
https://www.fieldmuseum.org/about/press/lichens-are-way-younger-scientists-thought
So, the researchers used the fossils that were available to extrapolate the ages of family trees of lichen-forming fungi and algae. They compared these family trees with ages of fossil plants. The verdict: lichens probably evolved long after complex plants.
“Lichens aren't as old as we thought they were. They're a younger, newer sort of symbiosis and haven't been around forever, covering the earth long before there were plants and animals running around,” says Nelsen.
Unearthing the age of lichens makes it clear that the pattern of modern lichens showing up on rocks before plants doesn’t mean that lichens evolved before plants.
Monday, March 25, 2024
3 cups of Lentils for cheap healthy muscle building protein as Leucine threshold muscle growing synthesis
I’ll eat three cups of the lentil soup I’m going to show you below. That provides 700 calories and fifty-four grams of protein. That’s a third of my daily protein intake. Note that yes, I said quality protein. While it isn’t meat and, sure, it’s not high in every essential amino acid, lentils are very high in the branched chain amino acids that are closely linked with muscle protein synthesis.(1)(2)(3)
3 cups of lentils = 4.2 grams of Leucine!! 54 grams of protein total.
https://barbend.com/lentils-recipe-protein-athletes/
287 grams = 1 1/4 cups water
460 calories as rice and lentils
So 3 cups of rice and lentils = 1500 calories and 25 grams of protein.
So better to eat just straight lentils with some side supplements.
Spirulina adds leucine, protein, and various vitamins and minerals to your diet. Just 2 tablespoons (14 grams) contain 0.69 grams of leucine. Use it in smoothies, juices, or savory popsicles.
2 tablespoons (14 grams) contain 0.69 grams of leucine.
CHICKEN BREAST: 3 oz breast = 26g protein
LENTILS: 1.5 cups = 27g protein
A mere 1.5 cups of lentils contains just as much protein as a 3 oz chicken breast, but lentils contain the dietary fiber, copper, phosphorus, and manganese that you can’t get from meat.
Sunday, March 24, 2024
Algae Carbon Sequester Update: Up to 60 gigatons per year is possible already. Fake Whale Poop&Algae Farms
1) Capture coal plant CO2 emissions (50% of global co2 emissions) into algae growth.
2) feed algae to cattle (reduces methane by 90%)
3) treat wastewater nitrates into algae for animal feed and biofuel (goal of 15 gigatons per year sequestered).
4) fake whale feces algae ocean "marine biomass sequestration" (goal of 35 gigatons per year)
5) Near-ocean algae farms to mummify co2 (goal of 10 gigatons per year sequestered)
6) Toxic Algae blooms mineralized and sequestered (1 gigaton per year)
7) Kelp (macroalgae) co2 sequestering
I found this quote and Sir David King saying their goal is to
sequester 35 gigatons of CO2 per year via deep ocean "fake whale poop"
hahaha. The Brilliant Planet Near ocean algae farm mummification goal is
10 gigatons of CO2 per year. Then I have found wastewater nitrate
feeding of algae for aquaculture feed, human food and biofuel as another
15 gigatons of CO2 per year.
As per below 2009 quote - is it too little too late? I have more details on my blog.
https://www.nature.com/
Ken Johnson, a senior scientist at the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research
Institute in California. Johnson is against allowing companies to market
carbon credits yet, but he thinks that ocean fertilization is the most
viable geo-engineering option for addressing a runaway climate. "This
isn't something to rush into, but it's the only solution we've got if
climate gets out of control."
https://www.lidji.org/sir-
How Whale Poop Can Help Us Remove Carbon Dioxide From the Ocean | XPRIZE Carbon Removal 300 liters sequestered 1 ton of CO2. The plan is to sequester up to 20 gigatons per year of CO2.
https://www.dw.com/en/artificial-whale-poop-could-save-the-planet-heres-how/a-61247529
the fake whale poop plan to sequester CO2 from increased algae growth says they can sequester up to 20 gigatons per year. Sir David King says 2% coverage can sequester 35 gigatons per year. thanks for your question. We currently emit 40 gigatons of CO2 per year. Raffael Jovine who is a double Ph.D. in Marine Biology says his Near Ocean algae farms can sequester up to 10 gigatons per year. So with enough funding and support that's 30 gigatons per year of sequestering CO2 via near ocean or in ocean algae. That leaves us with toxic algae blooms on the shelves as Jim Massa mentioned - that would be sequestered with the above hydrogen peroxide potentially offsetting 115 gigatons!
AN INTERNATIONAL project to see whether humans can artificially emulate the benefits of whale faeces for ocean ecosystems will begin off the west coast of India within the next two months (2022). The hope is the technique will simultaneously boost fish populations and tackle climate change.
To comply with the London Convention, a treaty that covers the dumping of matter in the oceans, King says the “very limited experiment” will be small-scale and will last just three weeks or so. The main aim is to see whether the rice husks are a good way of delivering the artificial faeces.
Six global universities and research centres, including the Institute of Maritime Research in Goa and the College of Cape City on the Southern Ocean, are also collaborating. Over the next three years, MBR plans to nourish areas of the world’s seas with a Pacific-bound vessel departing from Honolulu this September [2022] and the bi-ocean Western Cape earmarked for early 2023.
https://theethicalist.com/fake-whale-poop-restoring-marine-biodiversity/
The baked husks – a waste product sourced from a Goan factory – were filled with varying quantities of artificial whale poop made from iron ore and agricultural waste’, he says. ‘We’ve been doing a study of the deep oceans of all the world to see what nutrients are missing. In general, it is nitrates, phosphates, silicates and iron [which are all found naturally in whale poop]’.
The setup used a closed system of six bags filled with seawater on which the rice rafts floated. Over a period of three weeks, measurements were taken of the phytoplankton produced, which is responsible for roughly half of the photosynthesis on our planet.
https://bluegreenwatertech.com/
Microalgae produce almost half of the atmospheric O2 and consume CO2 , which account for almost 50% of the photosynthesis on Earth [17]. The algal biomass produced using anthropogenic CO2 is a carbon neutral, sustainable, and environmental friendly fuel source [18].
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ovp43GUBLIU
well when you are relying on biomass you are just fixating on mammals but then you say 70% of the soil is degraded or dead. So that leaves out most of the biomass. For example the Sahara desert plays a big part in fertilizing the Amazon rainforest soil where 50% of Earth's biodiversity exists. So yes corporate farming destroys the soil indeed but organic regenerative farming actually increases the soil biomass! For example just the species of ants has as much biomass as humans. The ocean biomass also relies on being fertilized from the desert - and yet photosynthesis by phytoplankton in the ocean is way greater than photosynthesis on land. So if the oceans keep getting killed off then that will stop all life from surviving on land also. Photosynthesis shuts down when it's too hot.
"land biomass, at ≈470 Gt C, is about two orders of magnitude higher than the ≈6 Gt C in marine biomass,"
but the photosynthesis rate is much greater in the oceans because the biomass that floats doesn't have to deal with gravity - so no need to grow stems and leaves.
"4.5 million whales have been taken out of the ocean in the last century resulting in a net reduction in CO2 removed from the atmosphere"
and
"Beneficial coastal algae blooms are responsible for 20% of the global carbon cycle and are what make them 10-50x more efficient at CO2 fixation than terrestrial plants per unit area."
So that's a quote from the double Ph.D. Marine biologist Raffael Jovine's company "Brilliant Planet" - they are setting up near-ocean desert algae farms that can sequester, with enough support, 10 gigatons of CO2 per year. The first quote is from the "Ocean Nourishment Corporation" working on "Marine Biomass Regeneration" - they can sequester, with enough support, 13 gigatons per year.
"BlueGreen’s revolutionary technologies and water formulations are collectively responsible for the removal of hundreds of thousands of tons of harmful carbon from our atmosphere each year."
So that third company is using hydrogen peroxide to mineralize toxic algae blooms.
(Sources have previously said Running Tide aims to sequester 1 billion tons of carbon dioxide by 2025 and described its “hypothetical full scale” as a billion or more tons per year.)
While Running Tide is targeting around a billion tons of carbon dioxide a year, the National Academies report noted that just removing 100 million tons annually could require the equivalent of a roughly 325-foot-wide belt of seaweed farms along more than 450,000 miles of shoreline. That’s equivalent to more than 60% of the global coast, and it would occupy an area nearly the size of Ireland.
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20100039342/downloads/20100039342.pdf
OMEGA is a system of photo-bioreactors (PBRs) filled with municipal wastewater, floating in seawater.
Growing algae from waste (black) water for biofuel
Kyoto Protocol (UNFCCC) have set a maximum of 2 °C increase as the high-
est global warming limit above the range of pre-industrial temperature levels.
Exceedance probability limit is given below 20% with budget for maximum 250 Gt
emission between 2000 and 2049, but more than thirty percent of that was already
used by the year 2005. The data of current CO 2 emissions suggest that the budget
will finish by 2024 [59, 60].
Henderson, Nevada, USA – January 31, 2024 – CH4 Global today announced that it has begun commercial deliveries of its formulated seaweed-based cattle feed supplement that can reduce enteric methane emissions by up to 90%, a key step toward the company’s ambitious goal of reducing CO2-equivalent emissions by a billion metric tons by the end of this decade.
The delivery of the first commercial quantities of Methane TamerTM supplement to CirPro Australia, a cattle processor, came as CH4 Global started construction in Louth Bay, South Australia, of what will be the world’s first commercial-scale facility for growing Asparagopsis seaweed. Scheduled to begin operations in the fourth quarter of this year, the so-called “EcoPark” will cultivate the red seaweed in large-scale saltwater ponds and then formulate it into Methane TamerTM. The facility in Louth Bay, which CH4 Global sees as the first of many EcoParks it will eventually build around the world, will produce enough Asparagopsis to supply up to 30,000 cattle per day.
https://www.viridos.com/technology/#whatWeveAchieved
Additionally, by farming in saltwater on marginal land, Viridos algae will avoid competing with resources required for food production, such as arable farmland and freshwater. We estimate that at commercialization, the productivity of Viridos engineered microalgae will be 20x times greater than any existing terrestrial crop. This dramatic advantage underpins the scalability of our technology.
Cyanobacteria and algae
Ferran Garcia-Pichel, Jayne Belnap, in Principles and Applications of Soil Microbiology (Third Edition), 2021
Green algae
Green algae are the most diverse of the algal groups, with at least 7000 species. Most are aquatic, but many are found in a variety of habitats that include soils, tree bark, snow, and in symbiotic relationships with a variety of organisms ranging from fungi (forming lichens; Fig. 7.1L) to animals. Like cyanobacteria, green algae are found on all continents and in almost all terrestrial habitats and may be either unicellular, colonial, or filamentous. The earliest evidence of green algae comes from fossils estimated to be a billion years old (Tang et al., 2020). Similar to vascular plant cells, green algae have Golgi bodies, vacuoles, mitochondria, membrane-bound nuclei containing genomic DNA, and plastids. The latter (visible in Fig. 7.1G) contain the photosynthetic machinery, including chlorophylls, electron-transport chains, and the enzymes in the Calvin cycle necessary for carbon assimilation (Chapter 3). Green algae have firm cell walls made of cellulose and other polysaccharides. Solitary green algal cells are generally larger than those of cyanobacteria and can have cell diameters ranging from approximately 1 μm to the single-celled and multi-nucleated seaweed Caulerpa sp. which can be up to 3 m long; most cells, however, range from 2 to 7 μm in size. Reproduction can be asexual (through mitotic division or fragmentation) or sexual (involving meiosis and fusion of gametes), the latter producing a zygospore.
https://www.lawa.org.nz/learn/factsheets/algae-and-cyanobacteria-in-lakes/
Technically speaking cyanobacteria are bacteria (prokaryotes), not algae (which are eukaryotes), but they perform the same ecological function of converting sunlight into energy and oxygen (via photosynthesis). Hence they are often grouped with algae. Some cyanobacteria can produce toxins (commonly known as toxic algae) that are harmful to animals and humans.
Cyanobacteria are amongst the oldest organisms on earth, with their first appearance dating back to 3.5 billion years ago [11,12]. They are often classified as microalgae, though microalgae are eukaryotic plant cells, while cyanobacteria are phototrophic prokaryotes and are very similar to the subclass of gram-negative prokaryotes due to the structure of their cell walls [13]. Thereby, cyanobacteria have a thicker peptidoglycan layer compared to most of gram-negative bacteria [14]. They show considerable morphological diversity, as they are capable of unicellular or filamentous growth, or they can form colonies [15]. Their occurrence is ubiquitous, i.e., they can survive in the most diverse and extreme habitats such as deserts, hot springs, or polar regions [16]. According to their origin, they are divided into aquatic and terrestrial cyanobacteria [17].
University of Kentucky CO2 emissions to grow algae
40-fold increase in biofuel productivity from algae and 20-fold increase in food oil and feed productivity.
Global Algae Innovations
You can meet ALL the U.S. fuel demands with land half the size of Texas.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=64clWE7AfLg
Global Fuel could be grown on land 3 times the size of Texas.
Two times as much protein as soy by U.S. fuel and 10 times as much protein as soy for global fuel supply.
https://www.chuckgreene.com/marine-circular-bioeconomy
13 gigatons a year of CO2 reduced emissions for Algae for feed and fuel.
Western Australia is internationally significant for its variety of stromatolite sites, both living and fossilised. Fossils of the earliest known stromatolites, about 3.5 billion years old, are found about 1,000km north, near Marble Bar in the Pilbara region.
In 1987, British chemist James Lovelock and several colleagues popularized an idea first proposed by others that algae might play a vital role in regulating the Earth’s climate.
Lovelock is famed as the originator of the Gaia hypothesis, which suggests that the Earth functions as a single living organism and maintains the conditions necessary for its own survival. By encouraging cloud formation, Lovelock theorized, DMS might help keep the Earth’s thermostat at a fairly constant temperature.
Algae is the origin of sex sperm and eggs! Algae sex can be changed by one gene change!
a new gene, named VSR1, that plays a vital role in the activation of genes specific to the development of female and male reproductive cells.......
under specific conditions they undergo sexual development and differentiate as either plus and minus gametes for Chlamydomonas, or eggs and sperm for Volvox.
Using phylo-transcriptomics—a method to simultaneously compare evolutionary relationships and gene expression—the team discovered a new gene called Volvocine Sex Regulator 1 (VSR1) that activates the development of plus gametes in Chlamydomonas or oogenesis (egg formation) in Volvox. However, Dr. Umen noted, “this gene is not just for females. When MID is present, it interacts with VSR1 and modifies its activity, switching it from a plus or female gene activator to a minus or male gene activator." By discovering the role of VSR1 and its interaction with MID, the researchers for the first time could develop a complete model for sex determination in these algae.
Merging an archaebacterium and an α-proteobacterium by endosymbiosis or symbiogenesis resulted in eukaryotic cells with mitochondria. In protists, certain life styles resulted into highly reduced versions of mitochondria like hydrogenosomes or mitosomes. Later, endosymbiosis of a cyanobacterium by a eukaryotic cell gave rise to a new eukaryotic lineage containing a new organelle of cyanobacterial origin.
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/28347056.2023.2226528
The photosynthetic efficiency of microalgae typically ranges from 11 to 20 percent, which is higher than that of terrestrial plants (1-2 percent). Microalgae are more capable of fixing CO2 than C4 plants. When some algae species experienced exponential growth, their biomass might quadruple in as little as three and a half hours [35].
https://ijcsrr.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/28-19-2023.pdf
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41207-023-00379-x
Marine phytoplankton accounts for half of the total global primary productivity by fixing ~ 50 gigatons of CO2 annually [6].
Novak T, Godrijan J, Pfannkuchen DM, Djakovac T, Medic N, Ivancic I, Mlakar M, Gasparovic B (2019) Global warming and oligotrophication lead to increased lipid production in marine phytoplankton. Sci Total Environ 668:171–183
Kwiatkowski L, Aumont O, Bopp L, Ciais P (2018) The impact of variable phytoplankton stoichiometry on projections of primary production, food quality, and carbon uptake in the global ocean. Global Biogeochem Cycles 32:516–528
https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/23/13061
‘My ambition is to cover two-three per cent of the deep oceans surfaces every year [with a synthetic whale poop]’ King says, ‘we hope to return the global whale, fish and crustacean population to where it was.’
In 2008, this led to the introduction of a United Nations moratorium on large commercial ocean seeding projects until the risks are better understood. However, small scale research projects are still permitted.
https://www.mpg.de/19696856/1221-mbio-slime-for-the-climate-delivered-by-brown-algae-154772-x
Brown Algae could absorb 1 gigaton per year - along Germany's coasts - their total emissions!
The study also reported that flue-gas-fed outdoor raceways ponds could reduce 45–50% of GHGs emissions
Yadav, G.; Dubey, B.K.; Sen, R. A comparative life cycle assessment of microalgae production by CO2 sequestration from flue gas in outdoor raceway ponds under batch and semi-continuous regime. J. Clean. Prod. 2020, 258, 120703.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2211926423001297
Microalgae as a key tool in achieving carbon neutrality for bioproduct production
Microalgae can photosynthetically capture about 100 Gt of CO2 per year and convert it into useful biomass [7].
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37321341/
Hence, the utilization of algo-cyano-bacterial consortia biomass can serve as a sustainable and practical substitute for chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and growth promoters. Furthermore, employing these bio-based organisms is a significant stride towards enhancing agricultural productivity, which is an essential requirement to meet the escalating food demands of the growing global population. Utilizing domestic and livestock wastewater, as well as CO2 flue gases, for cultivating this consortium not only helps reduce agricultural waste but also enables the creation of a novel bioproduct within a closed production cycle.
https://www.che-project.eu/news/how-do-human-co2-emissions-compare-natural-co2-emissions
The ocean is already incredibly effective at sequestering carbon through natural processes; it holds about 50 times more carbon than the atmosphere and has sequestered about 30 percent of anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions since the start of the industrial era.
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aau5153
we find a global increase in the anthropogenic CO2 inventory of 34 ± 4 petagrams [gigatons] of carbon (Pg C) between 1994 and 2007. This is equivalent to an average uptake rate of 2.6 ± 0.3 Pg C year−1 and represents 31 ± 4% of the global anthropogenic CO2 emissions over this period.
Earth Power Lodges: Regenerating Soil, Powering Change
https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/663003
As expected, iron addition stimulated growth of the planktonic algae (phytoplankton), which doubled their biomass within the first two weeks by taking up CO2 from the water. "However, the increasing grazing pressure of small crustacean zooplankton (copepods) prevented further growth of the phytoplankton bloom," explains Dr Wajih Naqvi, co-chief scientist from the National Institute of Oceanography of the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research. Those algal species, which regularly make blooms in coastal regions including the Antarctic, were most heavily grazed. As a result, only a modest amount of carbon sank out of the surface layer by the end of the experiment. Hence, the transfer of CO2 from the atmosphere to the ocean to compensate the deficit caused by the LOHAFEX bloom was minor compared to earlier ocean iron fertilization experiments.
The larger blooms stimulated by earlier experiments were due to a group of algae known as diatoms. These unicellular algae are protected against grazers by shells made of glass (silica) and are known to sink to great depths after blooming. Diatoms could not grow in the Lohafex experiment because previous, natural blooms had already extracted all the silicic acid (the raw material of diatom shells). Iron sources for natural blooms are melting icebergs or terrestrial input from streams or via dust blown off Patagonia. Hence a major finding was that other algal groups, although stimulated by iron fertilization, are unable to make blooms equivalent to those of diatoms.
https://www.nature.com/articles/453704b
Ken Johnson, a senior scientist at the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research
Institute in California. Johnson is against allowing companies to market
carbon credits yet, but he thinks that ocean fertilization is the most
viable geo-engineering option for addressing a runaway climate. "This
isn't something to rush into, but it's the only solution we've got if
climate gets out of control."
https://www.lidji.org/sir-david-king