The Abolitionists did NOT follow the money!! Slavery really did rely on capitalism.
"Investment" in slaves was a real thing - Debt Service to increase violence was a real thing.
Today's Black Wealth Gap is firmly founded in the 17th Century of the U.s.
Illegal Slave Importations had to take place all the way up to the 1850s because slaves could not be bred fast enough!!
Private Jails started early as an adjunct of the slave trade.
Cholera and Smallpox killed a lot of the slaves - despite the requirement to inoculate with vaccines (that was not a big expense) - and keeping people in crammed conditions.
people enslaved in Africa were not the same as the capitalist property slave commodity trade in the U.s.
Reproduction of slaves from 1830 to 1850 actually went down.
"Fancy Maids" (16 to 18 year old females) were pimped around to different plantations.
The middle class was made in the U.s. from the 1930s to the 1960s and for the most part Black Americans were denied those opportunities.
Utilizing many staples of African American literature and culture, such as the slave narratives of Olaudah Equiano, Harriet Jacobs, and Frederick Douglass, as well as other less circulated materials like James L. Smith’s slave narrative, runaway slave advertisements, and numerous articles from Black newspapers published in the nineteenth century, Woodard traces the racial assumptions, political aspirations, gender codes, and philosophical frameworks that dictated both European and white American arousal towards Black males and hunger for Black male flesh. Woodard uses these texts to unpack how slaves struggled not only against social consumption, but also against endemic mechanisms of starvation and hunger designed to break them. He concludes with an examination of the controversial chain gang oral sex scene in Toni Morrison’s Beloved, suggesting that even at the end of the twentieth and beginning of the twenty-first century, we are still at a loss for language with which to describe Black male hunger within a plantation culture of consumption.
The introduction to the study situates cannibalism as ‘an originary
framework for the emergence of homoeroticism’ within the economies of the slave trade
and plantation culture (p. 19). The concept of ‘originary framework’ correlates with the
author’s interest in language and philosophy and his wider argument about the failure of
critics to conceptualize the libidinal experience of the enslaved person beyond familiar
binaries of homo/hetero, master/slave, black/white, masculine/feminine, etc. With its
explicit aim to expand our thinking about sexuality in the period of slavery and search for a
language expressive of queer subjectivity, this book will appeal to readers interested in the
intersections of sexuality, language, and gender identities.
Brewer, R. M. (2025). Racial capitalism, imperialism, eco-apartheid, and the necessity of fundamental social change. In Grassroots Responses to Extractivism: Case Studies from Around the World (pp. 187-199). Bloomsbury Publishing Plc..
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