to infer a deep split in human ancestry ~1.5 Ma, rejoining ~300 ka, around the time of the earliest anatomically modern human fossils32. The evidence that Neanderthal and Denisovan genomes diverged more recently from ancestry on the major (A) lineage, rather than the minor (B) lineage, supports the conclusion that the structure we infer is neither artefactual nor arbitrary, as the inference procedure is independent of these archaic genomes.
Razib Khan covers this new study
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41588-025-02117-1
Furthermore, the ancestors of Neanderthals and Denisovans were in Eurasia before modern humans expanded there, and we can ask whether the gene flow from the ancestors of modern humans into Neanderthals6,7,8,71,72 came from A or B, and also how the proposed archaic gene flow event into Denisovans2,4 was related to these populations.
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