Pontus Skoglund new talk on ancient DNA in high resolution
Similarly, others highlighted the notable cultural parallels between Native Americans
and Melanesio-Polynesians. Examples included the presence of the panpipe, potlach ceremony, and skull trophy, among other shared practices, serving as supplementary evidence supporting these ancient connections (Graebner 1909; Nordenskiöld, 1912; Schmidt 1912)
https://www.isita-org.com/jass/Contents/2024vol102/Menendez/38676454.pdf
In 2015, Skoglund and collaborators argued that certain contemporary populations from Brazilian Amazonia (i.e., Surui, Karitiana) exhibit affinities to those of Australasia (Skoglund et al. 2015). More recently, Castro e Silva and collaborators identified this signal in present-day populations from North Peru and Central-West Brazil (Castro e Silva et al. 2021). This signal was interpreted to derive from an unsampled population, referred to as “Population Y”, named after “Ypikuéra”, which means “ancestor” in the Tupi language.
Pontus Skoglund research
"Though our results cannot speak directly to this debate, they do
indicate Native American ancestors could have been in Beringia—extreme
northeastern Russia and Alaska—any time after 24,000 years ago and
therefore could have colonized Alaska and the Americas much earlier than
14,500 years ago, the age suggested by the archaeological record."
https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=PfvB-bMAAAAJ&hl=en&oi=sra
. This suggests that populations related to contemporary western
Eurasians had a more north-easterly distribution 24,000 years ago than
commonly thought. Furthermore, we estimate that 14 to 38% of Native
American ancestry may originate through gene flow from this ancient
population. This is likely to have occurred after the divergence of
Native American ancestors from east Asian ancestors, but before the
diversification of Native American populations in the New World. Gene
flow from the MA-1 lineage into Native American ancestors could explain
why several crania from the First Americans have been reported as
bearing morphological characteristics that do not resemble those of east
Asians2,13.
https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/907165
https://elixirfield.blogspot.com/2020/07/african-australians-as-ancient-origin.html
"Second, Paleoindian skeletons with phenotypic traits atypical of modern-day Native Americans can be explained as having a direct historical connection to Upper Paleolithic Siberia." Professor Kelly Graf from the Center for the Study of the First Americans (Texas A&M University), who together with Professor Willerslev did the sampling...Víctor Moreno-Mayar of the University of Copenhagen in Denmark, a member of the large international team that did the work. Reich’s group had also previously found genetic evidence for a single founding migration. But while sifting through genomes from cultures in Central and South America, Pontus Skoglund, a researcher in Reich’s lab, noticed that the Suruí and Karitiana people of the Amazon had stronger ties to indigenous groups in Australasia—Australians, New Guineans and Andaman Islanders—than to Eurasians. Together they scrutinized the genomes of 30 Native American groups in Central and South America. Using four statistical strategies, they compared the genomes to each other and to those of 197 populations from around the world. The signal persisted. Three Amazonian groups—Suruí, Karitiana and Xavante—all had more in common with Australasians than any group in Siberia. Because the groups have about as much in common with Australians as they do with New Guineans, the researchers think that they all share a common ancestor that lived tens of thousands of years ago in Asia but that doesn’t otherwise persist today. One branch of this family tree moved north to Siberia, while the other spread south to New Guinea and Australia. The northern branch likely migrated across the land bridge in a separate surge from the Eurasian founders. The researchers have dubbed this hypothetical second group “Population y” for ypykuéra, or “ancestor” in Tupi, a language spoken by the Suruí and Karitiana.
Reich and his colleagues suspect the line is fairly old, and at some point along the way, Population y probably mixed with the lineage of Eurasian settlers. Amazonian tribes remain isolated from many other South American groups, so that’s probably why the signal remains strong in their DNA. The results line up with studies of ancient skulls unearthed in Brazil and Colombia that bear stronger resemblance to those of Australasians than the skulls of other Native Americans. Pontus Skoglund, Harvard Medical School
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