GFSE and its bioactive components, besides their ability to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 activity. The GFSE has a high growth inhibition against gram-positive bacteria (Enterococcus spp. and Staphylococcus spp) and gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). https://archivepp.com/article/grapefruit-seed-extracts-antibacterial-and-antiviral-activity-anti-severe-acute-respiratory-syndro-bezi2dszyvyxzyj
Grapefuit oil smells nice compared to terpenes. Personally I also like the smell of terpenes but people freak out even if it is Rosemary oil (that has terpenes in it also)...
GFSE's main components, such as naringenin, resveratrol, limonoids, and hesperidin, have also been verified.
aringenin is not a terpene; it's aflavonoid, specifically a flavanone, a type of polyphenol found abundantly in citrus fruits like grapefruits, known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties
limonene (not liminoid) is a well-known terpene. It is a naturally occurring aromatic compound found in the essential oils of many plants, most notably in the rinds of citrus fruits like lemons, oranges, and limes,
https://rden.uomosul.edu.iq/index.php/rden/article/view/35315
The aqueous GSE (20%) solution used in this study gave positive results with lethal effect on the tested organisms with zones of inhibition ranging from 10mm-18mm in diameter, which is comparable to that of chlorhexidine (7mm - 22mm) and (13mm - 20mm) for 0.12% and 0.2% solutions respectively.
grapefruit (Citrus Paradisi Rutaceae) seeds. Materials and Methods: Aqueous and alcoholic (ethanol) extracts of grapefruit seeds "GSE" in 20% (w/v)
Citrus paradisi (grapefruit) essential oil is primarily composed of limonene, a monoterpene that gives it a bright, citrusy aroma and contributes to its antioxidant, antibacterial, and uplifting properties, making it popular in aromatherapy and skincare. The limonene content in grapefruit oil can be very high, sometimes exceeding 90%, alongside other compounds like myrcene and nootkatone.