Is Nature really female? The vast majority of reproduction (Plants, bacteria and fungi) does not need males...

 

asexual reproduction allows for rapid expansion and survival without mates, notably in insects and various reptiles.

Plants/Microbes: If including plants and bacteria, the percentage of reproduction not needing males is extremely high, as many plants can reproduce clonally, and bacteria primarily reproduce asexually

 

Based on ecological and botanical research, a vast majority of plants possess the capacity for clonal (vegetative) reproduction, with estimates suggesting that approximately

80% of angiosperm species can reproduce in this manner.

  Clonal reproduction is more common in certain groups, with studies indicating that over 29% of herbaceous species are clonal, while roughly 5.8% of woody species are clonal,  

Clonal propagation occurs through various vegetative structures, including tubers, rhizomes, runners, andstolons.

Environmental Influence: Clonal reproduction is often favored over sexual reproduction in extreme or stable environments where sexual recruitment is difficult, with studies showing up to 89% of reproduction in certain arid, high-stress areas being clonal.

Agricultural Importance: A large number of crop plants are propagated exclusively or primarily through clonal methods (cuttings, grafting) to maintain specific genetic traits, with the USDA holding over 40,000 such accession

 Plants constitute the overwhelming majority of Earth's biomass, accounting for approximately 80% to 82.5% of the total (roughly 450 gigatons of carbon). Bacteria are the second largest component at about 13% to 15%, while fungi constitute roughly 2% of the total biomass.

 Together, these three groups make up over 97% of the total

gigatons of carbon (Gt C) that represents all life on Earth. Other life forms, including animals and viruses, constitute the remaining small percentage.

 Angiosperms are the largest, most diverse group of land plants, comprising over 300,000 species of flowering, seed-bearing plants that produce fruit. These vascular plants, making up about 80% of all green plants, include almost all agricultural crops, trees, shrubs, and grasses, featuring a unique, protected, double-fertilized seed within a fruit... Clonal seeds only occur through a process called apomixis, which allows a plant to bypass meiosis and fertilization, resulting in an embryo that is genetically identical to the mother plan...

 

early all angiosperms, including those that reproduce clonally, possess the genetic and structural capacity for double-fertilized seeds. Double fertilization—one sperm uniting with the egg, another with the central cell—is a defining characteristic of nearly all flowering plants, creating a zygote and a nutritive endosperm. 

• Dual Strategies: Many angiosperms are facultative apomicts, meaning they can switch between clonal reproduction (apomixis) and sexual reproduction.